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We find effective, or homogenized, material parameters for Maxwell’s equations when the microscopic scale becomes small compared to the scale induced by the frequencies of the imposed currents. After defining a singular value decomposition of the non-selfadjoint partial differential operator, we expand the electromagnetic field in the modes corresponding to the singular values, and show that only the
The internet has had an impact on public relations that goes well beyond significant adjustments in practice made in response to technological change. Mirroring the emergence of ”Web 2.0” platforms, the discipline is increasingly articulating its purpose and culture through discourse associated with social media. Concepts such as transparency, authenticity, conversation and engagement can be inext
Consumer packaging has become increasingly important as a value adding product service system, since packages shape the consumer’s experience of product use as well as accelerating and affecting the first purchase decision. Recent research in food packaging has resulted in technological innovations that provide information on the real shelf life and expiration of food products as a service to user
There is often a need to predict the impact of alterations in one variable on another variable. This is especially the case in cancer research, where much effort has been made to carry out large-scale gene expression screening by microarray techniques. However, the causes of this variability from one cancer to another and from one gene to another often remain unknown. In this study we present a sy
Often, the research process is hidden under the dominant product, making all decisions, from the research question to the chosen method and theory, seem obvious in retrospect. Consequently, this paper has two tightly intertwined aims: to elucidate the research process of the study on which it is based; and to explore and discuss what this process temporally produced, namely, a focus group intervie
This paper describes an application of instant messaging to support extended online participatory workshops. We describe the development and application of Participatory Instant Messaging (PIM) within the context of two projects in Sweden, which both aimed to integrate migrant experiences into policy dialogues and societal awareness. The projects brought together artistic practice, research tradit
In this article, I identify a key trend for demarcating the “secular” as a Western, Christian achievement. I analyze how the New Testament story often known as “Render unto Caesar” is referenced as a source for the secular West, particularly in writings by European and American conservative thinkers in the 1990s and early 2000s. My argument is that these references to “Render unto Caesar” constitu
The use of CRISPR-Cas bacterial adaptive immunity system components for targeted DNA changes has opened broad prospects for programmable genome editing of higher organisms. The most widely used gene editors are based on the Cas9 effectors of the type II CRISPR-Cas systems. In complex with guide RNAs, Cas9 proteins are able to directionally introduce double-stranded breaks into DNA regions that are
The electromagnetic performance of the soft magnetic core in manufactured electric machines is known to deviate significantly from datasheet values for the material used in the core. We quantify the discrepancy in permeability and losses between datasheet and physical units by calculating build factors for a typical hairpin IPM traction machine design. The derived build factors for losses are typi
