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Measurement aspects on a digital beamforming transmitter are addressed. A calibration and steering procedure for the beamforming transmitter is implemented in LabView. After calibration any beam direction can be achieved within a few clock cycles by switching in a digital control word. A reference horn antenna is built to characterize the transmitter and achieves an S11 less than -8 dB in the freq

Physical limitations of antennas above infinite perfect electric conductor (PEC) ground planes are determined using the stored electromagnetic energy. Stored energies are computed with the method of moments (MoM) and the image theory. Convex optimization is used to derive the G/Q ratio and Q-factor for a reference geometry and the results are compared for different antenna types.

Purpose of this paper The current RFID technology literature considers several issues. However, the implementation models and guidelines available in this literature are quite fragmented and lack certain elements. The purpose of this paper is thus to put all relevant elements together and discuss them within a comprehensive framework for designing logistical RFID systems. Design/methodology/appro

The described technical-economic model clarifies the influence of different production technological factors on the processing cost of a part. The model represents the fundamental theory for the judging of different types of production development. Various influential factors can be weighted against each other, which leads to different production development scenarios and their effects on the proc

We describe the implementation of a FrameNet-based semantic role labeling system for Swedish text. To train the system, we used a semantically annotated corpus that was produced by projection across parallel corpora. As part of the system, we developed two frame element bracketing algorithms that are suitable when no robust constituent parsers are available. Apart from being the first such system

In recent years much attention has been paid to spontaneously formed Ad Hoc networks. These networks can be formed without central management and without the use of the infrastructure the Internet provides. lack of infrastructure support brings difficulties in information location and management. This paper describes Calto, a distributed Self Sufficient Presence System for Autonomous Networks. Cal

Tight human-robot interaction and collaboration will characterize future robot tasks. Robot working environments will be increasingly unstructured, as safety barriers will be removed to allow a continuous cooperation of robotic and human workers. Such a working scenario calls for novel safety systems capable of combining productivity with workers’ safety. In this paper, a method for the definition

Accumulation of acetate tends to reduce growth and recombinant protein production in E. coli cultivations. Formation of acetate can be avoided by a proper substrate feeding strategy, but most strategies require considerable process knowledge to work well. A feedback strategy is presented that requires minimal a priori information. The key idea is to exploit a characteristic change in the cell meta

Many pharmaceuticals are today produced using genetically modified microorganisms. A typical problem in monitoring and control of biotechnical processes is that many important process variables cannot be measured on-line. This has triggered much research and development concerning new sensors. Another way of addressing the problem is to improve and to extend the use of existing sensors.