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Persons with type 2 diabetes born in the regions of famine exposures have disproportionally elevated risk of vision-threatening proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanisms are not known. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the plausible molecular factors underlying progression to PDR. To study the association of genetic variants with PDR unde

Background and aims: Previous studies reported divergent results on whether metabolically healthy obesity is associated with increased coronary artery calcium and carotid plaques. We investigated this in a cross-sectional fashion in a large, well-defined, middle-aged population using coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and carotid ultrasound. Methods: In the SCAPIS study (50–65 years, 51% female), CCTA

This study is the first attempt to examine the effect of electronic word of mouth (user reviews) relative to expert reviews on moviegoing decisions. For the first time, we use time-varying data on expert reviews. We find that expert ratings matter much more for moviegoing decisions than user ratings and volume. Our data also show that experts tend to be more critical but more consistent in their r

Objective: The human host defense peptide LL-37 both shows antimicrobial effects and modulates host cell properties. Here, we assess the effects of synthesized LL-37 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and investigates underlying mechanisms. Background: LL-37 has been detected in the periodontal tissues, but its functional importance for PDL c

Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known carcinogens and workplace PAH exposure may increase the risk of cancer. Monitoring early cancer-related changes can indicate whether the exposure is carcinogenic. Here, we enrolled 151 chimney sweeps, 152 controls, and 19 creosote-exposed male workers from Sweden. We measured urinary PAH metabolites using LC/MS/MS, the cancer-related markers te

Variants in the TCF7L2 gene (transcription factor 7-like 2) have shown strong association with type 2 diabetes with two defined risk haplotypes, HapA and HapB(T2D). TCF7L2 may play a role in both glucose homeostasis and adipogenesis. Our aim was to characterize the TCF7L2 mRNA expression and regulation in human adipose tissue. We quantified TCF7L2 mRNA levels in cultured human adipocytes and in bi

We investigated implications of nitric oxide (NO) derived from islet neuronal constitutive NO synthase (ncNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) on insulin secretory mechanisms in the mildly diabetic GK rat. Islets from GK rats and Wistar controls were analysed for ncNOS and iNOS by HPLC, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry in relation to insulin secretion stimulated by glucose or l-arginine in vitro an

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. In high-income countries, low socioeconomic status seems to be related to a high incidence of T2DM, but very little is known about the intermediate factors of this relationship. METHOD: We performed a case-cohort study in eight Western European countries nested in the EPIC study (n = 340 234, 3.99

Recent work has shown that coagulation and innate immunity are tightly interwoven host responses that help eradicate an invading pathogen. Some bacterial species including Staphylococcus aureus secrete pro-coagulant factors that in turn can modulate these immune reactions. Such mechanisms may not only protect the microorganism from a lethal attack, but also promote bacterial proliferation and the

To identify stop-codon variants associated with blood pressure (BP).

The overarching aim of this study is to gain understanding on what major state-centric international relations-theory could best explain certain aspects on modern inter-state maritime disputes. From neorealist and neoliberalist schools of thought an operational schematic was formed as a theoretical ram to break down and explain underlying structures in instances of the empirical data-universe, whi

The purpose of the study is to quantitatively verify the systematic property of default risk and to statistically test if adding a default risk factor to the Fama and French Three-Factor Model can enhance its performance. The applied method is derived from the Fama and French Three- factor methodology and enhancing it with an additional default risk factor. The study employs Credit-Default Swap sp

This paper is arguing that China’s political and economic opening in 1978, also referred to as China’s open door policy, was initiated by a change within China’s institutions affecting the political as well as the economic system. Since the opening in 1978 up until today (2012), constant economic reforms and developments as well as political progress can be observed. Domestic examples of China’s p