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Cyclic AMP potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin release and mediates the stimulatory effects of hormones such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) on pancreatic b-cells. By inhibition of cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterase (PDE) and, in particular, selective inhibition of PDE3 activity, stimulatory effects on insulin secretion have been observed. Molecular and functional information on b-cell PDE3 is
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a protein, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which dissipates the proton gradient of this membrane and uncouples respiration from oxidative phosphorylation. We found, by in situ hybridisation, UCP2 mRNA to be located in the proliferating zone of the mucous neck cells in the fundus part of the rat stomach. We also found that UCP2 expression in fundus was si
Polymer density functional theory is used to test the accuracy of the Derjaguin approximation in describing the interaction between two spherical colloidal particles immersed in a polymer solution. The density functional equations are solved numerically in a cylindrical geometry and thus a rigorous comparison is afforded, within the density functional framework. The density functional theory provi
The use of beam data for open photon fields when calculating absorbed dose distributions for beams with wedge filters has been studied. The depth doses for beams with wedge filters are changed through beam hardening and the dose maximum can be shifted; both these changes result in errors in the final dose calculations of several per cent if open beam data are used. The errors are larger for 6 MV t
Many intimate associations between different species of ectomycorrhizal fungi are inferred on the basis of the consistent cooccurrence of their fruit bodies. Suillus bovinus and Gomphidius roseus, where the latter never occurs without the former, is one example. This association was examined with PCR identification and light microscopy. S. bovinus and G. roseus were unambiguously separated on the
Aim/hypothesis Hyperinsulinaemia maintains euglycaemia in insulin-resistant states. The precise cellular mechanisms by which the beta cells adapt are still unresolved. A peripherally derived cue, such as increased circulating fatty acids, may instruct the beta cell to initiate an adaptive programme to maintain glucose homeostasis. When this fails, type 2 diabetes ensues. Because mitochondria play
Methods for facile synthesis of symmetric and unsymmetric functionalized analogues of Tröger's base were developed with use of 2,8-dibromo-6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine (2) as the starting material. C(2)-symmetric 2,8-disubstituted analogues of Tröger's base (4a-f) were synthesized via double bromine-lithium exchange of 2 followed by quench with electrophiles. Desymmetrization via
We used roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis to follow 33 C-stem femoral components for two years after primary total hip arthroplasty. All components migrated distally and posteriorly within the cement mantle. The mean distal migration was 1.35 mm (SD 0.62) at two years and the mean posterior migration was 1.35 mm (SD 0.69) at two years. All the femoral components rotated into retroversion wit
Ion microprobe U-Th-Pb analyses of zircons in variably metamorphosed and veined orthogneisses in the southern part of the parautochthonous Eastern Segment of the Sveconorwegian (1.20-0.90 Ga) orogen, SW Sweden, broadly define two age groups, oscillatory and sector zoned magmatic zircon cores yield 1.70-1.68 Ga while overgrowths, homogeneous crystals, and recrystallized domains in primary zircon yi
The Bacillus subtilis aprE leader is a determinant of extreme mRNA stability. The authors examined what properties of the aprE leader confer stability on an mRNA. The secondary structure of the aprE leader mRNA was analysed in vitro and in vivo, and mutations were introduced into different domains of an aprE leader-lacZ fusion. The half-lives of the corresponding transcripts were determined and be
Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consid
A clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is currently made on the basis of results from cognitive tests in combination with medical history and general clinical evaluation, but the peptide amyloid-beta (Aβ) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is increasingly used as a biomarker for amyloid pathology in clinical trials and in recently proposed revised clinical criteria for Alzheimer's disease. Recent a
Conceptual models of aquifer systems can be refined and complemented with geophysical data, and they can assist in understanding hydrogeological properties such as groundwater storage capacity. This research attempts to use geoelectrical methods, Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Induced Polarization parameters, for mapping the subsurface in alluvial fans and to demonstrate its applicability;
This study investigates the effects of Age of Onset of Acquisition (AOA) and the quality and quantity of input on the longitudinal development of gender in the acquisition of French by simultaneous (2L1) and successive bilingual children (cL2). There's an on-going debate regarding the main factors underlying linguistic development in bilingual children. Two independent variables, AOA and input, ha
Microscreening (using Discfilters) is a widely used technology for suspended solids removal in tertiary effluent streams of wastewater treatment plants. Several pilot studies have shown the feasibility of using coagulation and flocculation in combination with microscreens for advanced phosphorus removal, but the number of fullscale references is still limited. In summer 2014, the first Scandinavia
We have performed extensive multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations and second-order many-body perturbation calculations for F-like ions with Z = 24-30. Energy levels and transition rates for electric dipole (E1), electric-quadrupole (E2), electric-octupole (E3), magnetic dipole (M1), and magnetic-quadrupole (M2) transitions, as well as radiative lifetimes, are provided for the lowest 2
