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Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) are plant defense compounds and high-value pharmaceuticals. Biosynthesis of the universal MIA precursor, secologanin, is organized between internal phloem-associated parenchyma (IPAP) and epidermis cells. Transporters for intercellular transport of proposed mobile pathway intermediates have remained elusive. Screening of an Arabidopsis thaliana transporter lib
Cytochromes of the c type contain covalently bound heme. In bacteria, they are located on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Cytochrome c synthesis involves export of heme and apocytochrome across the cytoplasmic membrane followed by ligation of heme to the polypeptide. Using radioactive protoheme IX produced in Escherichia coli, we show that Bacillus subtilis can use heme from the growth me
Plasma levels of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured intraoperatively before and after removal of one enlarged gland in 20 hyperparathyroid patients. In 13 patients with a single parathyroid adenoma, plasma levels of intact PTH-(1-84) had declined at 15 min after removal of the adenoma by 86.5 +/- 4.4% of baseline in the antecubital vein and by 85.6 +/- 4.2% in the ipsilateral internal
This paper presents a technique to reduce the noise figure of a passive mixer-first receiver front-end. By using lower than 50Ω switch resistance in the current-mode passive mixer and introducing a positive feedback from baseband to the RF-input, it can be well matched close to fLO while achieving a noise figure below 3dB, which is otherwise a fundamental limit. A quadrature front-end prototype fo
From newly obtained high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra the abundances of the elements La and Eu have been determined over the stellar metallicity range -3<[Fe/H]<+0.3 in 159 giant and dwarf stars. Lanthanum is predominantly made by the s-process in the solar system, while Eu owes most of its solar system abundance to the r-process. The changing ratio of these elements in stars ove
Plant (and fungal) mitochondria contain multiple NAD(P)H dehydrogenases in the inner membrane all of which are connected to the respiratory chain via ubiquinone. On the outer surface, facing the intermembrane space and the cytoplasm, NADH and NADPH are oxidized by what is probably a single low-molecular-weight, nonproton-pumping, unspecific rotenone-insensitive NAD(P)H dehydrogenase. Exogenous NAD
In this thesis, the Wideband Sparse Exponential Mode Analysis (WSEMA) estimator is introduced. It combines two recently developed techniques, the wideband dictionary and the Sparse Exponential Mode Analysis (SEMA) to make for an efficient estimator. WSEMA estimates the parameters of decaying sinusoids, without a priori-information about the number of modes present in the signal. WSEMA works with a
This thesis captures the effect of social capital measured as social and institutional trust on a reduction of absolute poverty. The indicators of social capital are captured through the construction of a database of subjective well-being measures. Poverty is indicated using the Watt’s index which measures the mean proportionate poverty gap for those living under the extreme poverty line of $1.90
While studies on the relationship between health, income, healthcare spending and productivity is generally consistent, little attention has been brought to the regional contexts. Meanwhile, a country like Sweden who is generally known for a well-established healthcare system and welfare state, experiences increasing regional disparities. This thesis investigates the relationship between health, i
Tramways are a sustainable and accessible mode for public transport. They promote urban development and contribute to a more attractive city. Light rail, but also public transport as a whole, is an important part of society as it is accessible to everyone and reduces the amount of cars needed. The two tramlines in Norrköping account for two thirds of public transport travel in the city. The purpos
Background Introducing services for manufacturing companies can lead to improving customer satisfaction and new revenue streams as well as creating a more sustainable business. However, the current understanding of how this can be done in practice is limited. Purpose This master’s thesis investigates how a manufacturing company can generate sustainable value through the introduction of new repair
Party polarization research at the academic level has been limited so far compared to media coverage. Nonetheless, there is increasing academic attention on the effects of polarization on policy intensity. This study aims to analyse the impact party polarization has on the government response carried out in the EU countries during Covid-19. The specialized literature study how political polarizati
Adaptation of modern Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and multispectral sensor technology in agriculture can enhance the capacity to accurately monitor crops. But these technologies come with its own set of challenges. The major challenge is the understanding of radiometric distortions, which is particularly important while comparing data over different lighting conditions. The study developed and as
Polymerer är naturliga eller syntetiska makromolekyler som är uppbyggda av flera repeterande enheter, monomerer. I blocksampolymerer är de ingående typerna av monomerer fördelade i olika block i polymeren, t.ex. A och B. Blocksampolymerer är ett intressant forskningsområde med möjliga tillämpningar inom bland annat läkemedelstransport, så kallad controlled drug release, d.v.s för kontrollerad frisIn the present work, the formation of complex coacervate micelles and aggregates of the oppositely charged diblock copolymers poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)27-b-poly((3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammoniumchloride)15 [PNIPAAM27-b-PAMPTMA15(+)] and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)27-b-poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic sodium)15 [PNIPAAM27-b-PAMPS15(-)] in aqueous solution have been studied at diff
Unmanned vehicles need robust systems to ensure the safety of the vehicle and its environment. Being able to find and avoid perilous situations is paramount to such a system. In this paper we suggest an unsupervised image-based anomaly detection algorithm using a variational autoencoder and a superpixel segmentation algorithm, which is adapted to the maritime obstacle detection task. The algorithm
