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Previous research carried out by the authors described the role of dual-fuel combustion efficiency on overall engine efficiency at high diesel substitution ratio. At low loads, high diesel substitution ratios result in excessive total unburned hydrocarbon emissions due to bulk flame quenching, and consequently lower substitution ratios in combination with intake air heating, throttling and increas

We discuss recent and on-going experiments, where molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs) of high kinetic energy photoelectrons are measured in order to determine the time evolution of molecular structures in the course of a photochemical event. These experiments include, on the one hand, measurements where single XUV/X-ray photons, obtained from a free electron laser (FEL) or

Since 2004 the free-electron laser FLASH at DESY has been operated in the Self-Amplified Stimulated Emission mode (SASE), delivering gigawatt pulses with wavelengths between 6.5 nm and 40 nm in the femtosecond domain. In 2009 DESY installed an additional radiofrequency module for controlling the phase space of the electron bunches that gives the possibility to generate bunches with high peak curre

In this paper, we argue that the legitimation of killing in war is not simply formed by adherence to certain legal requirements that exist apart from and prior to war; instead, we suggest, the law of armed conflict in itself cannot but operate through admitting certain materials onto the battlefield as distinctively legal materials. Using the theory of legal materiality, we show that the military

This document presents the results of a literature review performed in order to assess the suitability of different evacuation modelling tools for the calculation of evacuation times and assessment of fire safety in underground physics research facilities. This document is part of the research collaboration between Lund University and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), concerni

In this paper, a novel hard-output detection algorithm for the complex multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detectors is proposed, which results in a significant throughput enhancement, a near-ML performance, and an SNR-independent fixed-throughput. Moreover, a high-throughput VLSI implementation is proposed, which is based on a novel method of the node generation and sorting scheme. The proposed

We demonstrate for the first time a technology which allows the monolithic integration of both p-Type (InAs-Si) and n-Type (InAs-GaSb) heterojunction Tunnel FETs (TFET) laterally on a Si substrate. The lateral heterojunction nanowire (NW) structures are implemented using top-down CMOS-compatible processes combined with Template-Assisted Selective Epitaxy (TASE) [1] of the III-V materials. Sub-40nm

Given the growing importance of bike-sharing systems nowadays, in this paper we suggest an alternative approach to mitigate the most crucial problem related to them: the imbalance of bicycles between zones owing to one-way trips. In particular, we focus on the emerging free-floating systems, where bikes can be delivered or picked-up almost everywhere in the network and not just at dedicated dockin

In this work we present an integrated system for whole chromosome analysis of single bacterium. Using whole genome barcoding techniques, which offer direct and rapid microscopic visualization of the entire genome in one field-of-view, we aim to rapidly identify individual bacterium. We are developing our device to achieve the crucial, and difficult process of isolating a bacterium, removing the DN

A study on characteristics of currents and mixing in a shallow ice‐covered Russian lake is presented. The current velocity data are separated into four main components, mean velocity, uninodal longitudinal and transverse seiche currents, and “high”‐frequency velocity fluctuations, using digital filters. The analysis of components shows that mean currents are most pronounced in early winter and are

Soil organic matter (SOM) stores the largest quantity of C in terrestrial ecosystems. Most SOM can be decomposed by microorganisms and released as CO2 into the atmosphere. The remaining fraction of SOM can be resistant against microbial decomposition over centuries to millennia. Changes in the magnitude of this stable SOM pool can have a substantial effect on the atmospheric CO2 concentration and

Multiple-pilot injection strategies with both moderate and short time separations (dwells) are investigated in a light-duty diesel engine. Both conventional and optical engine experiments are performed. By implementing triple-pilot injection strategies with short dwells between the individual injections, combustion noise can be significantly reduced. The sound pressure level was reduced by nearly

The last two decades have seen a significant increase in the number and quality of cross-national measures of institutions, which are also covering longer and longer time spans. However, despite the considerable progress that has been made, important measurement issues linger. This chapter argues that the key future challenge for the measurement of institutions is how to square objective or direct

Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important phenomenon in terms of global particle number concentrations. Here we investigated the frequency of NPF, formation rates of 10 nm particles, and growth rates in the size range of 10–25 nm using at least 1 year of aerosol number size-distribution observations at 36 different locations around the world. The majo