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An organization aiming to survive on a more challenging or changing market has to adapt or fundamentally change the way it is doing business. For the Swedish forest products industry, and more specifically the paper packaging industry, the market challenges range from saturated home markets, competing materials and increasing production costs, to growth of new markets and more powerful actors in t
The fourth generation broadband (4GBB) concept aims for ubiquitous and high-speed data communication over the existing twisted copper pairs between the last distribution point and the customer premise equipment. Although it saves deployment cost for the last-mile communication, using the existing copper infrastructure makes the system vulnerable to crosstalk due to electro-magnetic coupling from t
The primary aim of this study is to view the meaning, the function and the consequences of appealed community plans. A overview of the Swedish regulations has been made in addition to an empirical study of 63 appealed community plans in two municipalities in the south of Sweden, during the years 1996-2000. The study shows that approximately 25% of all the plans made have been the object for appeal
Flexgrid technology has recently been presented as the most promising option for upgrading the currently operating fixed grid optical networks and extending their capacity to be able to deal with the massive traffic volumes forecast for the next decade. Although the current traffic is successfully supported on fixed grid networks, flexgrid technology brings features that are not offered by the fix
Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that transform chemical energy into electricity. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are particularly interesting because they can handle the reforming of hydrocarbon fuels directly within the cell. This is possible due to their high operating temperature. The purpose of this study is to develop an anode-supported SOFC model, to enhance the understanding of the in
In this paper we outline a method for systematically addressing needs assessment (QUALISEM-PEOPLE), alongside a case study of its use within a medium sized, German company. The method was designed in order to provide guidance in analysing skill and role competences, particularly when e-learning systems are being considered for training purposes. The method proved to be successful within the compan
We have investigated the poorly-understood origin of nitrogen in the early Galaxy by determining N abundances from the NH band at 336 nm in 35 extremely metal-poor halo giants, with carbon and oxygen abundances from Cayrel et al. (2004, A&A, 416, 1117), using high-quality ESO VLT/UVES spectra (30 of our 35 stars are in the range -4.1 <[Fe/H] < -2.7 and 22 stars have [Fe/H] < -3.0). N abundance
In this report a generic model for the capture and assessment of end-user requirements and needs, the CREDIT carpenter model, has been developed. The main determinants of the model is the need for the project organisation (including the facilities management organisation) to ensure a thorough understanding of the end-user requirements and needs as well as an assessment through out the project proc
We have studied if there is a possible link between states’ membership in intergovernmental organizations and a desire to participate in democratization processes in our chosen analytical objects Estonia and Belarus. We analysed our empirical findings by categorizing the membership of each countries membership in IGOs. By comparing what organization each country is a part of and which ones they ha
The aim of this study has been to explore social workers negotiations and meaning making on heterosexual norms, in order to understand possibilities on how to change these norms within the social services. The study consists of material from two different municipalities which both has participated in a project on heterosexual norms. Both municipalities have had a group of seven people discussing i
The focus of this essay is the process of human self-identification in the human-cat relationship as narrated in On Cats by Doris Lessing. The concept of ‘narrative’, understood in the sense that it assigns meaning by connecting events and experiences, has allowed for an analysis of the meaningful connections in the interaction between the two species. By employing the philosophical term of ‘the O
In this essay the subjects of city development and governance are studied in a context of democracy. The empirical cases for this study are two city development projects in the city of Helsingborg, Sweden. The two projects are studied with a focus on governance and democracy. The analysis shows that increased competition between cities have led to a situation where many cities use governance relat
The Shapeyard project was an attempt to commercialize a piece of university research by two academics at Lund University. Their algorithm that they developed together allowed for the customization of furniture using morphological patterns found in nature as a design concept. The idea was brought to a group of students completing their Masters of Science in Entrepreneurship degree in order to gain
Behovet av effektiviseringar för lagföringen av personer som har begått brott har länge diskuterats framförallt ur ett effektiviserings perspektiv men även ur ett processekonomiskt perspektiv. Stora och komplicerade mål skapar långa och resurskrävande utredningar som dessutom låter den misstänkte sväva i ovisshet under en lång tid. Ett förslag som har diskuterats men som än så länge avskrivits äThe need to make the process in which persons who have committed crimes are brought to justice has long been discussed from a efficiency perspective but also from a process economical perspective. Large and complicated cases create long and costly investigations and also make the suspects linger in uncertainty for a long time. One alternative that has been discussed but so far discarded is the i
This study analyzes the personal identification process that takes place in the actual meeting of a job coach and a job seeker, with the purpose of making the job seeker employable. The empirical data consists of observations during nine job coach meetings, and interviews with four job coaches. The analysis is based on a social constructionist perspective. The findings point to contradictions in t
If things go as planned, the EU will have two new member states in January 2007: Bulgaria and Romania. They were excluded from the 2004 enlargement because they were simply lagging behind the other candidates and would not have been able to meet the conditionality. The Copenhagen conditions consist of a political, an economic, and an administrative criteria that need to be fulfilled in order to ga
Det upphandlingsrättsliga regelverket inom EU består framförallt av två direktiv, 2004/18/EG och 2004/17/EG. Dessa direktiv är i huvudsak baserade på EG-fördragets (numera EUF-fördraget) bestämmelser om förverkligandet av den gemensamma marknaden och syftar till att säkerställa en sund konkurrens inom hela Europeiska unionen. Direktiven styr i detalj hur en upphandlingsprocess ska genomföras och hThe regulations of public procurement in the European Union (EU) consist primarily of two directives, 2004/18/EG and 2004/17/EG. These directives are principally based on the internal market provisions of the EC Treaty (now the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union) and are aiming to guarantee competition within the EU. The directives prescribe in detail how a procurement process should
