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The aim of this thesis was to develop and apply self-registered and observed measures of physical function in people with arthritis in the lower extremity. In Paper I, 181 subjects from the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register who were satisfied with their primary knee arthroplasty were studied. 44% of the medical records included reports of pain in the replaced knee at the same time as the patient
The colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was standardized for direct detection of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the direct MTT assay matched those of the standard indirect susceptibility assay on 7H10 medium, and interpretable results were obtained for 98.5% of the samples within
Popular Abstract in Swedish När man hör ordet ”klimatförändringar” tänker många direkt på en förhöjd temperatur – så kallad global uppvärmning. Även om en förhöjd temperatur är en viktig del av framtida klimatförändringar så är det inte den enda förändringen vi kan förvänta oss. Sjöar på norra halvklotet och således även i Sverige har under de senaste årtiondena fått en ökad vattenfärg. Orsaken baThe effects of increasing temperatures, in light of climate change, have been a well-studied topic during the past decades. However, aquatic ecosystems are also faced with additional challenges such as increasing water colour, known as “brownification”. Although we know that temperature and water colour will increase simultaneously this has been given little attention in ecological research. In th
Popular Abstract in English European dry extensive grasslands are biodiversity hotspots which are severely threatened by land use intensification and abandonment. In order to plan efficient conservation actions it is necessary to collect information on the current status of grasslands, their species diversity and prevailing environmental conditions. Remote sensing technology in combination with grAs a consequence of agricultural intensification, large areas of species-rich grasslands have been lost and farmland biodiversity has declined. Previous studies have shown that the continuity of grazing management can have a significant influence on the environmental conditions and the levels of plant species diversity in grassland habitats. The preservation of species-rich grasslands has become a
Earlier research performed on axially loaded concrete prisms shows that crack widths close to reinforcement are smaller and less dependent on concrete cover than crack widths at the concrete surface. To check practical applicability of these results a similar experimental investigation of cracking behaviour has been undertaken for beams loaded in bending. The influence of steel stress and concrete
Renovating the European building stock has for almost two decades been a matter of importance. For Sweden, it is important to renovate its multifamily buildings in order to achieve a reduced energy use, but also because renovation is needed due to building materials and services reaching (or having passed) the end of their life span. In order to renovate properly, renovation measures must be imple
Background Both internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy (ICBT) and physical exercise are alternatives to treatment as usual (TAU) in managing mild to moderate depression in primary care.Aims To determine the cost-effectiveness of ICBT and physical exercise compared with TAU in primary care.Method Economic evaluation of a randomised controlled trial (N = 945) in Sweden. Costs were estimated by
The construction and usage of transport infrastructure are major causes of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. The effects of resource consumption and pollutant emissions are often quantified through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) models. All decisions made in infrastructure projects during the whole life cycle are afflicted by uncertainty, e.g. physical properties of materials or amount
The Bloodgen project was funded by the European Commission between 2003 and 2006, and involved academic blood centres, universities, and Progenika Biopharma S. A., a commercial supplier of genotyping platforms that incorporate glass arrays. The project has led to the development of a commercially available product, BLOODchip, that can be used to comprehensively genotype an individual for all clini
Whereas deliver of health care is nationally based with great differences in ways of service provision and financing between countries, and thus not subject to international regulations, genetic testing has become more exposed to international regulations and conventions. This is due to an interest of protecting the individual for abuse by inappropriate use of genetic information, but also to the
This report is a result of the work in projects for The Swedish Rescue Services Agency and for The National Board of Civil Emergency Preparedness. The problem is defined as difficulties in establishing rapid and effective management in major fire-fighting and rescue operations. The analyses result in a view that emergency management can be seen as cognitive modelling. The management work of major
Unusually high CO2 concentrations were frequently observed during stable nights in late summer 2006 at the CarboEurope-Integrated Project (CEIP) forest site in Norunda, Sweden. Mean CO2 concentrations in the layer below the height of the eddy-covariance measurement system at 30 m reached up to 500 mu mol mol(-1) and large vertical and horizontal gradients occurred, leading to very large advective
Surging outlet glaciers are important in draining large ice caps, but the mechanisms controlling surge periodicities are poorly known. We investigated a sediment sequence from the glacier-fed Lake Logurinn in eastern Iceland, and our unique annually resolved data, based on sedimentary varves, imply that Eyjabakkajokull, an outlet glacier of Vatnajokull, began surging about 2200 cal a BP (before 19
A dynamic model of forest ecosystems was used to investigate the effects of climate change, atmospheric deposition and harvest intensity on 48 forest sites in Sweden (n = 16) and Switzerland (n = 32). The model was used to investigate the feasibility of deriving critical loads for nitrogen (N) deposition based on changes in plant community composition. The simulations show that climate and atmosph
Introduction: Moving in very old age is considered to be a major life event and relocation and access to appropriate housing options is a hot topic in the public debate across Europe. For very old people, the decision-making process and aspects influencing relocation is not well studied. Occupational therapy interventions mainly focus on ageing-in-place solutions when aiming for independence and w
The aim of this study is to investigate the public libraries use of their websites in their marketing. Our study is based on the websites of 60 public libraries. The libraries are chosen because of their geographical location in three different provinces? Skåne in the south, Östergötland in the middle and Norrbotten in the north. These three choices enable us to cover densely as well as thinly pop
The interest in putting a price on carbon emissions is increasing in pace with the urgency of climate change. In this article we compare the adoption of one such policy instrument, carbon taxation, in the cases of Sweden and Mexico. We use a theoretical framework that focuses on economic and environmental factors influencing the policy process via distinct policy areas, as well as the mechanisms t
In this work we study how the information provision should be organised in a new smaller size Swedish university college in a town without previous academic traditions. Specifically, our aim is to propose a possible model for information provision in Campus Helsingborg which is currently under construction. The study consists of two parts: literature review and empirical investigation. In the lite
There is a constant need for the fire and rescue service to develop new methods, materials and extinguishing media to implement the most effective firefighting operations as possible while minimizing environmental impacts. The effect of additives in the extinguishing water is fairly unknown. In this report small-scale experiments shows that additives and fire retardants can provide a significant i
Sammanfattning Människans rätt till självbestämmande är en grundläggande rättighet som i de allra flesta sammanhang i livet tillskrivs stor betydelse. Även inom hälso- och sjukvården betonas respekten för människans integritet och autonomi. När det gäller livets slutskede och människans rätt att styra över hur och när hon vill avsluta sitt liv får självbestämmanderätten emellertid vika till förmåSummary The human right to self-determination is a fundamental right, which in most situations in life is considered to be of high importance. This approach also applies in the department of medical care, in which the respect for the individual integrity and autonomy is emphasized. Regarding the final stages of life, the right to self-determination and the right to control how and when a person w
