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IntroductionBeta-lactam antibiotics are essential in the treatment of Gram-negative bloodstream infections. The effect of beta-lactam antibiotics depends on the time of unbound antibiotic concentration above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). An antibiotic concentration above MIC during the whole dosing interval (100% ƒT > MIC) has been suggested as a target for severe infections. The aim

In addition to biological factors, maternal exposures during pregnancy can contribute to leukemogenesis in offspring. We conducted a population-based cohort study in Sweden to investigate the association between risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in offspring and maternal anthropometrics during pregnancy. A total of 2,961,435 live-born singletons during 1983-2018 were followed from birth t

Background: Immigrants from the Middle East (ME) have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to the native-born Swedish population. In individuals free from T2D, ME immigrants are more insulin resistant and have lower levels of adjusted insulin secretion (Disposition index, DIo) compared to Swedish-born individuals. The ethnic differences are not fully explained by traditional risk

Objectives: In this nationwide cohort study in a Scandinavian setting, we aimed to investigate the magnitude of association between flucloxacillin use and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Methods: Nationwide cohort study among adults in Sweden, 2006–2018, was conducted. Register data on filled prescriptions, patient characteristics, co-medications, and DILI were linked. All filled prescriptions f

Techniques based on intense photon beams from synchrotrons present unique opportunities for characterizing semiconductor materials, devices and processes. This is based on the unrivaled brightness in a broad wavelength range from infrared to hard X-rays. Synchrotron based methods can answer wide ranging questions in research and technology, and have seen an increase in use over many years as more

Background: A large part of the Swedish population is exposed to higher levels of air pollution than the health-centered air quality guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Aim: The aim of the study was to illustrate the potential health benefits of cleaner air in Sweden by conducting a comprehensive health impact assessment, using a population sample of 100,000 individuals

We investigate nonequilibrium transport of charge and heat through an interacting quantum dot coupled to a finite electron reservoir. Both the quantum dot and the finite reservoir are coupled to conventional electric contacts, i.e., infinite electron reservoirs, between which a bias voltage can be applied. We develop a phenomenological description of the system, combining a rate equation for trans

The Japanese avant-garde dance form butoh, founded by Hijikata Tatsumi in the late 1950s, is known for its marked physicality. The choreographic methodology of butoh, however, is not focused primarily on instructing the dancers how to move their bodies. Instead, the dancers work with verbal and mental imagery to transform into butoh-tai, the “butoh body,” a special form of embodiment from which th

Background:cThe risk of coronavirus (COVID-19) can be affected by the presence of certain chronic conditions. It is unknown if individuals with severe hereditary alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) faced an increased risk of severe COVID-19 infection during the pandemic and if COPD in this population affected the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Aim: Our aim was to investigate COVID-19 outcomes

Copper complexes supported by benzimidazole-based tetradentate neutral ligands featuring thio- and selenoether donors, resemble the coordination environment of the active site in copper dependent monooxygenases Dopamine-β-monooxygenase (DβM) and peptidylglycine-α-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM). The cuprous complexes react with O2 at low temperature generating a reactive copper-oxygen species as

Context: The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity is not fully understood. Objective: We investigate the association of cardiometabolic, diet, and lifestyle parameters on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 in people at risk of, or living with, T2D. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the two Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Diabetes Research on P

With the introduction of x-ray free electron laser sources around the world, new scientific approaches for visualizing matter at fundamental length and time-scales have become possible. As it relates to magnetism and ‘magnetic-type’ systems, advanced scattering methods are being developed for studying ultrafast magnetic responses on the time-scales at which they occur. We describe three capabiliti

Amyloid protein deposits are the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, or diabetes type II. Although their connection to the diseases is not fully understood, many studies point at intermediate species called oligomers as being the main responsible for the toxicity of these proteins. This makes them strong candidates as therapeutic targets. However, due to their

Background/Objectives:The incidence of microscopic colitis (MC) has increased over the previous decades. In addition to smoking and drugs, currently unidentified environmental factors may have a role. The aim of this study was to determine whether specific dietary or other lifestyle factors were associated with the development of MC.Subject/Methods:The population-based cohort Malmö Diet and Cancer

Introduction: Increased exhaled nitric oxide (NO) levels in asthma are suggested to be through inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of iNOS in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and tissue from central and peripheral airways and compare it with the exhaled bronchial and alveolar NO levels in patients with asthma vs a control group. Methods: Thirty-t

The implementation of market solutions has been widely attempted in many different parts of the public sector. This chapter concerns a groundbreaking social reform, which introduced personal assistants for ‘functionally impaired’ people. It was a far-reaching and liberating reform aimed at making disabled people part of society. It replaced collective institutional care with individual choice, in

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo a functional switch in neonatal mice hallmarked by a decrease in self-renewing divisions and entry into quiescence. Here, we investigated whether the developmental attenuation of B-1a cell output is a consequence of a shift in stem cell state during ontogeny. Using cellular barcoding for in vivo single-cell fate analyses, we found that fetal liver definitive

Current sources of platelets for transfusion are insufficient and associated with risk of alloimmunization and blood-borne infection. These limitations could be addressed by the generation of autologous megakaryocytes (MKs) derived in vitro from somatic cells with the ability to engraft and differentiate in vivo. Here, we show that overexpression of a defined set of six transcription factors effic

Most studies that validate GFR equations present accuracy results stratified by measured GFR (mGFR; diagnostic correctness) or by estimated GFR (eGFR; diagnostic predictiveness) only, without a clear distinction in interpretation. The accuracy of a GFR equation is normally reported in percent (e.g. P30), but is often misinterpreted when stratified by eGFR. The aim of the study was to develop new a