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The paper presents novel studies on the impact of different ignition control parameters on combustion stability and spark plug wear. First, experimental results from a 32.4-liter biogas fueled large bore single cylinder spark ignition engine are discussed. Two different ignition systems were considered in the experiment: a DC inductive and an AC capacitive. The spark plugs used in the experiment w

Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disease with a mortality rate of >80% if ruptured. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been previously implicated in AAA pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to characterize the mitochondrial genetic landscape in AAA. Methods and Results Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed in comorbidity matched 48 cas

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare cells on top of the differentiation hierarchy of hematopoiesis. HSCs are unique in their combined capacity to differentiate into all mature blood lineages and self-renew to maintain the HSC pool. Based on classical models of hematopoiesis in mouse, the self-renewal potential of HSCs is gradually and step-wise lost during the transition from long term (LT)-H

OBJECTIVE: To determine biological variation of the aggrecanase-generated aggrecan ARGS neoepitope in serum (sARGS) and synovial fluid (sfARGS) within and between patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.DESIGN: Matched samples of serum and synovial fluid were available, as parts of clinical trials, from i) 16 subjects with early-stage OA on 8 occasions over 1 y

The plasma proteome can provide a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of different diseases and is a key source for detection of new biomarkers. Proximity extension assay (PEA), developed by Olink Proteomics (Uppsala, Sweden), detects proteins by using pairs of antibodies that are linked to oligonucleotides; upon target binding, the probes anneal when in proximity and the oligonucleotides

The advent of single-cell biology opens a new chapter for understanding human biological processes and for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating disease. This revolution now reaches the field of cardiovascular disease (CVD). New technologies to interrogate CVD samples at single-cell resolution are allowing the identification of novel cell communities that are important in shaping disease developmen

III−V nanowire (NW) photovoltaic devices promise high efficiencies at reduced materials usage. However, research has so far focused on small devices, mostly ≤1 mm2. In this study, the upscaling potential of axial junction InP NW photovoltaic devices is investigated. Device processing was carried out on a full 2″ wafer, with device sizes up to 1 cm2, which is a significant increase from the mm-scal

The immune system is integral to cardiovascular health and disease. Targeting inflammation ameliorates adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Atherosclerosis, a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, is conceptualized as lipid-driven inflammation in which macrophages play a nonredundant role. However, evidence emerging so far from single-cell atlases suggests a dichotomy between lipid-associa

BACKGROUND: The EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a global reference diet with both human health benefits and environmental sustainability in 2019. However, evidence regarding the association of such a diet with the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) is lacking. In addition, whether the genetic risk of AF can modify the effect of diet on AF remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the association of

Compositionally graded channel AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) offer a promising route to improve device linearity, which is necessary for low-noise radio-frequency amplifiers. In this work, we demonstrate different grading profiles of a 10-nm-thick AlxGa1-xN channel from x = 0 to x = 0.1 using hot-wall metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The growth process is dev

Background: Cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) is a congenital condition that affects both the oral cavity and the lips. This study estimated the prevalence and mortality of CLP using surveillance data collected from birth defect registries around the world. Methods: Data from 22 population- and hospital-based surveillance programs affiliated with the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects S

Biological aerosol particles affect human health, are essential for microbial and gene dispersal, and have been proposed as important agents for atmospheric processes. However, the abundance and size distributions of atmospheric biological particles are largely unknown. In this study we used a laser-induced fluorescence instrument to measure fluorescent biological aerosol particle (FBAP) concentra

Owing to their very large piezoelectric coefficients and spontaneous polarizations, (Sc,Y) x Al1−xN alloys have emerged as a new class of III-nitride semiconductor materials with great potential for high-frequency electronic and acoustic devices. The thermal conductivity of constituent materials is a key parameter for design, optimization, and thermal management of such devices. In this study, tra

Photoredox catalysis of organic reactions driven by iron has attracted substantial attention throughout recent years, due to potential environmental and economic benefits. In this Perspective, three major strategies were identified that have been employed to date to achieve reactivities comparable to the successful noble metal photoredox catalysis: (1) Direct replacement of a noble metal center by

The large variations of polyp sizes and shapes and the close resemblances of polyps to their surroundings call for features with long-range information in rich scales and strong discrimination. This article proposes two parallel structured modules for building those features. One is the Transformer Inception module (TI) which applies Transformers with different reception fields in parallel to inpu

UNLABELLED: Trigger finger is overrepresented among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Whether DM affects the outcome after open trigger finger release (OTFR) in patients with DM is not known. Our aim was thus to explore outcomes after OTFR in patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 DM (T2D).METHODS: Data included patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) from all OTFRs performed between 2010 and

Objective: Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) is an established risk marker in diabetic vascular disease, and associated with the degree of diabetes complications, renal failure, and atherosclerosis in older individuals. The relationship between aortic stiffness and AGEs has not been thoroughly examined in the younger population. We aimed to evaluate the association between AGEs and aortic sti

In this work, we demonstrate the capability of the hot-wall metalorganic chemical vapor deposition to deliver high-quality n-AlxGa1−xN (x = 0 – 0.12, [Si] = 1×1017 cm−3) epitaxial layers on 4H-SiC(0001). All layers are crack-free, with a very small root mean square roughness (0.13 – 0.25 nm), homogeneous distribution of Al over film thickness and a very low unintentional incorporation of oxygen at

Importance: Infection control guidelines have historically classified high-flow nasal oxygen and noninvasive ventilation as aerosol-generating procedures that require specialized infection prevention and control measures. Objective: To evaluate the current evidence that high-flow nasal oxygen and noninvasive ventilation are associated with pathogen-laden aerosols and aerosol generation. Data Sourc