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Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence has steadily increased in Sweden, more steeply in the mid-1990s caused by increased opportunistic prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Tallness, normal weight, and non-smoking are associated with more PSA testing, which increases detection of low-risk and localised PCa. We investigated time trends of height, body mass index (BMI), and smoking with PCa risk in 17

Aims: Social science literature suggests that unlimited trust in others may lead to adverse outcomes, and that moderate trust may be more optimal in social interactions. The aim was to analyze associations between generalized trust in other people and all-cause mortality using a four-alternative generalized trust item that includes moderate trust. Study design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: T

The chapter examines education and training initiatives aimed at improving dementia care in majority-world settings. It highlights three key programs that promote equitable partnerships between high-income countries (HICs), upper-middle-income countries, and lower and middle-income countries (LMICs). The first initiative is the Atlantic Fellows for Equity in Brain Health fellowship at the Global B

Asthma is a common health problem. Both common and rare genetic risk factors may contribute to asthma, but few large-scale whole-exome sequencing studies elucidating the contribution of rare variations to asthma have been published. Two published UK Biobank portals: the Genebass portal (N = 269,171) and the Astra Zeneca portal (N = 484,111) (https://azphewas.com/and https://app.genebass.org/) were

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) has a relapsing-remitting course and, even with the availability of effective maintenance therapies such as rituximab, relapse rates remain high. Relapse is associated with the accrual of organ damage stemming from both the underlying disease and from the effects of AAV treatments; thus, early detection and proactive prevention

Background: Epidemiological studies show an increasing incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among people aged 65 years and older. Advances in neurointensive care have improved survival after TBI. There is a need for knowledge about long-term outcome after TBI among older survivors of TBI. Objective: To describe the overall outcome, long-term functioning, and disability of the participants in

Background and aims: Animal studies have suggested that high salt intake might increase the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but results from populations are mixed, in part due to inadequate salt intake measurement. Salty taste preference is the primary factor leading to salt choice and can reflect habitual salt intake. However, no study has investigated t

Variation in the structure and size of the eye in relation to light environments is well-documented across animal taxa. However, the long-term effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on eye size across generations remain understudied, despite natural fluctuations in UVR being common in aquatic habitats. Here, we used Daphnia magna to test whether an evolutionary history of UVR threat modifies plast

In this 5th version of the European LeukemiaNet guidance for adult patients, there are important changes in several areas of management based on evidence available since 2020, including the World Health Organisation’s reclassification of CML as a biphasic disease. Previous advice to switch the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) on failure of molecular milestones, is modified to better account for ind

Background Low-grade systemic inflammation is linked to abnormal spirometry. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is sensitive in detecting peripheral airway dysfunction, but inflammation in relation to IOS is poorly studied. The objectives of the present study were to analyse associations between C-reactive protein (CRP), blood eosinophils (B-Eos), blood neutrophils (B-Neu), blood lymphocytes (B-Lym), bloo

Background: Collider bias is often considered a potential explanation when the association between obesity and disease diagnosis differs from that with disease outcome, as seen in the “obesity paradox.” For prostate cancer (PCa), in particular localized PCa, an “inverse” obesity paradox has been observed, where body mass index (BMI) is negatively associated with diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] ~0.9 p

S100A8 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases and multiple types of cancer. Therefore, targeting the S100A8 function may alleviate the pathogenic process in various diseases. Here, specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies targeting recombinant S100A8 (rS100A8) were selected by phage display technique and characterized using cDNA sequencing, immu

Objectives: To assess the existence of international, scientifically validated methods for manual surgical skills training and assessment. The aim was to create a descriptive chronological summary of the existing evidence and conclusions in the included articles. Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched twice for reviews published between 1997 and October 2023 and between 1997 and January 2024. Th

Aims: This study compares the associations of Life's Simple 7 (LS7) and Life's Essential 8 (LE8) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome populations. Methods: This cohort study analyzed 11,487 participants aged ≥20 years with CKM syndrome from NHANES 2005–2018. Participants were categorized into non-advanced (stages 0–2) and advanced (stages 3–

Background: Dyspnea is a common and diagnostically challenging symptom in the emergency department (ED), particularly among older adults with multimorbidity. Traditional risk stratification tools often perform poorly in this population. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a biomarker of inflammation and fibrosis, may reflect biological aging and resilience, potentially improving early mortality risk assessment.Ob