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This paper analyses how China’s growing taste for beef due to rising incomes, urbanization and preference for higher quality meat shaping Kazakhstan’s inefficient beef industry, and how Kazakhstan’s government is attempting to make it more efficient. The analysis done through qualitative methods by looking into the data from primary and secondary sources.
Cerebral Palsy (CP) has an impact on muscles and movement. This happens due to brain damage before the age of two years. Either sometimes before birth, during childbirth or after birth. According to hjarnfonden.se, 200 children are added annually in Sweden with CP. People living with CP have these weaknesses for the rest of their lives. CP is not progressive disorder, that means brain damage can’
Sedan år 1965 finns i svensk lag inte längre någon särbehandling vad gäller straffansvar för gärningspersoner som agerat vid eller lider av atypiska sinnestillstånd. Lagstiftningen är istället utformad på det sättet att en särbehandling sker vid påföljdsvalet där det föreligger en presumtion för annan påföljd än fängelse. Utgångspunkten är således att gärningspersonen trots sinnestillståndet ska hSince 1965, there is no longer any special treatment in Swedish law regarding criminal responsibility for perpetrators with an atypical mental state. The legislation is shaped in such a way that a special treatment takes place through the choice of sanction where there is a presumption against imprisonment. The starting point is thus that the perpetrator, despite the mental state, must be held cri
Galectins are family of cytosolic proteins that function as both positive and negative modulators of various cell processes. Galectin-3 has an altered expression pattern in pathophysiological processes, such as cancer or chronic inflammation, which makes it an interesting target for pharmaceutical research. The treatment of galectin-3 ill-regulation was shown effective in serious conditions like i
Energy efficiency improvements have not yet been developed to their full potential. Further improvements are necessary to tap into the full potential of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing energy consumption. This challenge is particularly relevant in buildings, a sector that consumes substantial amounts of energy. Despite numerous public policies to increase the energy efficiency perf
Indoor air pollution is a problem of great concern, estimating to cause around 2 million premature deaths, with 400.000 cases suspected to happen in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this thesis, indoor air pollution emissions associated with the Ethiopian traditional coffee ceremony has been studied as a model for cooking exposure. Coffee preparation is a ceremony which is conducted in almost every Ethiopia
Net primary production (NPP) is the difference in gross photosynthetic assimilation of carbon and carbon loss due to autotrophic respiration, and is an important ecosystem variable that facilitates understanding of climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystem productivity and ecosystem services. The aim of this study is to rapidly estimate the NPP of European potential natural vegetation for cu
The study presents the characterization of dynamic patterns of indoor particulate matter (PM) during various pollution episodes for real-time IAQ management. The variation of PM concentrations was assessed for 20 indoor activities, including cooking related sources, other thermal sources, personal care and household products. The pollution episodes were modelled in full-scale test chamber represen
A spatio-temporal model is constructed to interpolate yearly precipitation data from 1982 to 1996 over the African Sahel. The precipitation data used in the analysis comes from the Global Historical Climatology Network. The spatio-temporal model is based on a Gaussian Markov random field approach with AR(1)-dependence in time and a spatial component modeled using an approximation of a field withMa
We report an electron-beam based method for the nanoscale patterning of the poly(ethylene oxide)/LiClO4 polymer electrolyte. We use the patterned polymer electrolyte as a high capacitance gate dielectric in single nanowire transistors and obtain subthreshold swings comparable to conventional metal/oxide wrap-gated nanowire transistors. Patterning eliminates gate/contact overlap, which reduces para
One-dimensional semiconductor nanowires are a promising candidate for future electronic devices. The epitaxial growth of nanowires is often mediated by metal seed particles, usually gold particles. In this paper the setup of a simple and robust technique to generate nanometer-sized aerosol gold particles by spark discharge is described. Furthermore we demonstrate for the first time that particles
The formulation of pedestrian floor field cellular automaton models is generally based on hypothetical assumptions to represent reality. This paper proposes a novel methodology to calibrate these models using experimental trajectories. The methodology is based on likelihood function optimization and allows verifying whether the parameters defining a model statistically affect pedestrian navigation
A key component in low energy houses is the heat recovery from the ventilation air. Over recent years, the most frequently used ventilation type is the mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. This kind of ventilation results in high heat recovery but does unfortunately consume a considerable amount of electrical energy. Natural or hybrid ventilation has the potential to consume less electricity
Context: Despite the substantive societal impact of prostate cancer, the medical community is currently divided on the balance between benefit and harm of screening for prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Objective: To examine whether PSA-based screening for prostate cancer meets current guidelines on efficacy and effectiveness for screening, and how it compares with other curre
Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like structures of extracellular matrix. They act as a supporting structure but can also significantly influence cellular behavior in development, tissue homeostasis and disease. Laminins, a major BM component, are multidomain proteins, consisting of three polypeptide chains (α, β and γ). During pregastrulation development, stem cells convert and epithelial tissu
The expression levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in bacterial recombinant systems are higher compared with normal adult hemoglobin (HbA). However, heme disorientation in globins are often observed in recombinant production processes, both for HbA and HbF, although the degree of heme oriental disorder is much lower for HbF. In addition, the heme disorientation can be converted to a normal conformati
Based on an extensive cohort study over 25 years, the present study supports the assumption that major osteoporotic fractures can be reasonably predicted from hip fracture rates. The construct for FRAX models depends on algorithms to adjust for double counting of fracture outcomes in some models and in others, to estimate the incidence of a major fracture from hip fracture rates. The aim of the pr
Abstract in Undeterminedhe paper is based on selected findings of the research project EEC 2092/91 (Organic) revision. It contributes to an improved understanding of the core ethical values associated with and principles of organic farming, analyses reference to such values in the European Regulation (EEC) 2092/91 and its ongoing revision, and contrasts them with current practice of organic agricu
