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In this topical review we catagorise all ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy publications that have appeared between the 1970s and the end of 2018 according to their scientific field. We find that catalysis, surface science and materials science are predominant, while, for example, electrocatalysis and thin film growth are emerging. All catalysis publications that we could identify a

Background: Recent reports suggest that the negative association between diabetes mellitus and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) may be driven by metformin, the world's most common antidiabetic drug rather than diabetes per se. We sought to investigate the association among AAA growth rate, chemokine profile, and metformin prescription in a contemporary Swedish cohort. Methods: Patients under survei

The affinity of T-cell receptors (TCRs) for major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHCs) presenting cognate antigens likely determines whether T cells initiate immune responses, or not. There exist few measurements of two-dimensional (2D) TCR-MHC interactions, and the effect of auxiliary proteins on binding is unexplored. Here, Jurkat T-cells expressing the MHC molecule HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 and th

The interaction of ultrathin single-crystalline IrO2(110) films with the gas phase proceeds via the coordinatively unsaturated sites (cus), in particular Ircus, the undercoordinated oxygen species on-top O (Oot) that are coordinated to Ircus, and bridging O (Obr). With the combination of different experimental techniques, such as thermal desorption spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)

Vertical III-V nanowire MOSFETs have demonstrated excellent performance including high transconductance and high Ion. One main bottleneck for the vertical MOSFETs is the large access resistance arising from the contacts and ungated regions. We demonstrate a process to reduce the access resistance by combining a gate-last process with ALD gate-metal deposition. The devices demonstrate fully scalabl

Shape resonances in physics and chemistry arise from the spatial confinement of a particle by a potential barrier. In molecular photoionization, these barriers prevent the electron from escaping instantaneously, so that nuclei may move and modify the potential, thereby affecting the ionization process. By using an attosecond two-color interferometric approach in combination with high spectral reso

Health impact assessments of differential air pollution rely on epidemiologically established relationships between concentration levels where people are exposed and adverse health outcomes. To assess air pollution concentrations, land use regression is commonly used. However, an alternative tool is dispersion modelling, where a detailed inventory of pollution sources together with meteorological

Understanding formation and distribution of defects in GaN substrates and device layers is needed to improve device performance in rf and power electronics. Here we utilize conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) for studying defect-related leakage paths in an unintentionally doped GaN film formed by nanowire reformation. A nanoscopic Schottky contact is formed between the c-AFM probe and the G

Aim: To explore the experience of pain in 10- to 12-year-old children. Methods: This interview study included students (n = 42) in grade 4-6 in focus groups (n = 10) in southern Sweden (52% girls); mean age, 11.3 years (range 10-12 years). The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in one theme: Pain as

Application of the phase-modulated pulsed light for advance spectroscopic measurements is the area of growing interest. The phase modulation of the light causes modulation of the signal. Separation of the spectral components of the modulations allows to distinguish the contributions of various interaction pathways. The lasers with high repetition rate used in such experiments can lead to appearanc

Introduction: The long-term results of neurophysiological recovery after carpal tunnel release in patients with diabetes have not been studied. Methods: Thirty-five patients with diabetes and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were matched with 31 patients without diabetes who had idiopathic CTS, and 27 and 30 patients, respectively, participated in this follow-up study. Nerve conduction results at 5 ye

Background In placebo-controlled trials, reslizumab, an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody, significantly reduced asthma exacerbations and improved lung function and asthma control in patients with eosinophilic asthma. Objective This open-label extension study evaluated safety and efficacy of reslizumab for up to 24 months. Methods After participation in 1 of 3 placebo-controlled, phase III trials in m

Gelatin coating of brain implants is known to provide considerable benefits in terms of reduced inflammatory sequalae and long-term neuroprotective effects. However, the mechanisms for gelatin's protective role in brain injury are still unknown. To address this question, cellular and molecular markers were studied with quantitative immunohistochemical microscopy at acute (<2. hours, 1, 3. days), i

AIMS: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a cardinal sign of autonomic dysfunction and a common co-morbidity in heart failure (HF). The role of autonomic dysfunction in the development of structural cardiac anomalies in HF patients has not been sufficiently explored. We aimed to assess relations between orthostatic blood pressure (BP) responses during active standing and echocardiographic changes in a

Background: The diagnosis of infectious diseases and the duration of antibiotic therapies are generally based on empirical rules. Studies implicate that the use biological markers can be used as a reliable method to shorten antibiotic therapies. The return of appetite is a clinical aspect of recovery from an infection that may be used to guide antibiotic therapies. Objective: To compare changes in

Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer/testis antigen that is overexpressed in a broad range of malignancies, while absent in most healthy human tissues, making it an attractive diagnostic cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. Although commonly viewed as an intracellular protein, we have demonstrated that PRAME has a membrane bound form with an external epitope targeta

Primary intracerebral haemorrhage and lacunar ischaemic stroke are acute manifestations of progressive cerebral microvascular disease. Current paradigms suggest atherosclerosis is a chronic, dynamic, inflammatory condition precipitated in response to endothelial injury from various environmental challenges. Myeloperoxidase plays a central role in initiation and progression of vascular inflammation

Summary: Kidney function decreases with age; however, the long-term influence on bone density (BMD) in older women already at risk of osteoporosis is unknown. We followed kidney function and bone loss for 10 years. Declining kidney function was adversely associated with bone loss and mineral homeostasis in old women, though it attenuated with advanced aging. Introduction: Existing studies do not f

At temperate latitudes, altricial birds and their nestlings need to handle night temperatures well below thermoneutrality during the breeding season. Thus, energy costs of thermoregulation might constrain nestling growth, and low nocturnal temperatures might require resources that parents could otherwise have invested into nestlings during the day. To manipulate parental work rate, we performed brAt temperate latitudes, altricial birds and their nestlings need to handle night temperatures well below thermoneutrality during the breeding season. Thus, energy costs of thermoregulation might constrain nestling growth, and low nocturnal temperatures might require resources that parents could otherwise have invested into nestlings during the day. To manipulate parental work rate, we performed br

A Good Practice is a practice that works well, produces good results, and is recommended as a model. MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel Network (MASK), the new Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative, is an example of a Good Practice focusing on the implementation of multi-sectoral care pathways using emerging technologies with real life data in rhinitis and asthma multi-morbidity. The Euro