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Total scattering and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis has created new insights that traditional powder diffraction methods have been unable to achieve in understanding the local structures of materials exhibiting disorder or complex nanostructures. Care must be taken in such analyses as subtle and discrete features in the PDF can easily be artefacts generated in the measurement process, w

The present study examined the agreement between single and multiple sample plasma clearance of iohexol, a non-ionic contrast agent, in renal failure. Sixty-five patients with varying degree of renal insufficiency received 10 ml iohexol (300 mg I/ml) i.v. and plasma samples were collected four times during the following 3-24 h. Plasma-iodine concentrations were determined by X-ray fluorescence. Pr

BACKGROUND: A new generation of positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT) was recently introduced using silicon (Si) photomultiplier (PM)-based technology. Our aim was to compare the image quality and diagnostic performance of a SiPM-based PET-CT (Discovery MI; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with a time-of-flight PET-CT scanner with a conventional PM detector (Gemini TF; P

The therapeutic management of Sjögren syndrome (SjS) has not changed substantially in recent decades: treatment decisions remain challenging in clinical practice, without a specific therapeutic target beyond the relief of symptoms as the most important goal. In view of this scenario, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) promoted and supported an international collaborative study (EULAR S

Background: The Movement Disorder Society criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy introduced the category “probable 4-repeat (4R)-tauopathy” for joint clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Objectives: To validate the accuracy of these clinical criteria for “probable 4R-tauopathy” to predict underlying 4R-tauopathy pathology. Methods: Diagnostic acc

As a result of an increasing number of bacteria developing resistance against antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are attracting significant interest, particularly in relation to identification of peptides displaying potent but selective effects. Much less focus has been placed on delivery systems for AMPs, despite AMPs suffering from delivery challenges related to their size, cationicity,

Acquired angioedema due to C1-inhibitor (C1INH) deficiency (AAE) is caused by secondary C1INH deficiency leading to bradykinin-mediated angioedema episodes. AAE typically presents in adulthood and is associated with B cell lymphoproliferation. Anti-C1INH autoantibodies (antiC1INHAbs) are detectable in a subset of AAE cases and considered a hallmark of the disease. When free antiC1INHAbs and malign

A Kalman filter can be used to determine material parameters using uncertain experimental data. However, starting with inappropriate initial values for material parameters might cause false local attractors or even divergence. Also, inappropriate choices of covariance errors of the state and the measurements might affect the stability of the prediction. The present method suggests a simple way to

Accurate assessment of in viva or in vitro platelet activation requires optimal preanalytical conditions to prevent artefactual in vitro activation of the platelets. The choice of anticoagulant is one of the critical preanalytical conditions as anticoagulants exert different effects on the activation of platelets ex vivo. We tested the effectiveness of Diatube-H (also known as CTAD; sodium citrate

Having kin and living together with kin influence the individual life course, including a person’s marriage, reproductive career, and survival. A wide range of mechanisms are involved in connecting these life course transitions to support and competition between kin, as well as to characteristics of the family environment. How kin affect the life course is perceived differently in evolutionary ant

This thematic report addresses frameworks for innovation related public procurement. It focuses on four specific kinds of procurement, namely (1) direct innovation procurement, (2) catalytic innovation procurement, (3) functional regular procurement, and (4) Pre-Commercial Procurement (PCP). (1) – (3) are also called Innovation-Enhancing Procurement (IEP). The four different kinds of innovation re

Local research units, this article argues, play a very important role for the scientific field they belong to, for example by mobilizing financial support, offering job opportunities, attracting talented recruits, and providing adequate training. Little is known, however, about such units, at least in the fields under study here, i.e., studies of innovation, entrepreneurship and related phenomena.

In this paper, a unique event is studied: the opening of Bank of Canada in 1935, the central bank note issuance monopoly and its impact on the note issuing chartered banks. Between 1935-1950, Canadian chartered banks had to gradually withdraw their notes from circulation. In a difference-in-differences analysis, I show that chartered banks constrained by new issuance limits experienced higher vola

IntroductionAn overview of the different hybrid-processes combining pervaporation with a conventional separation as a tool to recover organic compounds from waste water will be given. Analysing potential applications shows that pervaporation alone will rarely be economical due to the purity required nowadays in waste water treatment. The limitation on flux owing to the activity being the driving

Background: The relevance of PTSD symptoms to outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for chronic pain is unclear. This study examines whether (a) traumatic exposure or the severity of PTSD symptoms at pre‐treatment predict outcomes (pain intensity/interference) (b) participation in this treatment is associated with reduced PTSD symptoms, and (c) any observed changes in PTSD symptoms are me

Introduction: Case–control analyses have shown BARD1 variants to be associated with up to >2-fold increase in risk of breast cancer, and potentially greater risk of triple negative breast cancer. BARD1 is included in several gene sequencing panels currently marketed for the prediction of risk of cancer, however there are no gene-specific guidelines for the classification of BARD1 variants. We pres

Purpose: To examine the effects of Treatment Foster Care on youth with serious behavior problems. Method: Included studies are controlled trials with high or medium quality, published between 1990 and September 2017. The control group consists of youth with serious behavior problems in group care, and the follow-up time was at least 12 months. The review also examines ethical and economic aspects.