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Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar om energieffektiva fönstersystem i svenska byggnader. Simuleringar av energianvändningen har gjorts för både småhus och kontor för att bedöma effekterna av olika fönsterval på energibehov och inneklimat. Två års mätningar av energianvändning och innetemperaturer för ett energisnålt radhus har utvärderats. Två beteendestudier har även genomförts This thesis deals with energy-efficient windows in Swedish buildings. Parametric studies were performed in the dynamic energy simulation tool Derob-LTH in order to study the effects of window choices on energy use and indoor climate for both residential and office buildings. A steady-state program was used to evaluate two years of measurements of energy use and indoor temperatures of an energy-eff

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum cystatin C is more accurate than serum creatinine in the detection of diabetic nephropathy, also after adjustment for age.METHODS: Forty-one patients with type 1 and 82 patients with type 2 diabetes were evaluated with serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, and (51)Cr-EDTA clearance (reference method). Cystatin C was measured by a particle-enhanced turbidimetric

The international character that surrounds the shipping industry has traditionally meant that rules regarding the public law of the sea or the private maritime law are internationally regulated through regulations, state practice, international conventions or international customary law. Since the 1970s, there has been an increasing concern for both the marine environment and the safety onboard sh

This thesis deals with the development of international conventions that relate to marine pollution, after the occurrence of a big oil pollution incident. In order to facilitate the description of the different stages, the approach used is the TASCOI method. This is a model used in organisational practice for the purpose of establishing how a process occurs and defining the role of different entit

Det här arbetet har genomförts som en fallstudie där transportförpackningarna, wellpapplåda och returback, för Arboga skivbar leverpastej 250 gram har studerats i ett antal olika flöden från produktion och ut till slutanvändare. Datainsamlingen har skett genom intervjuer och observationer hos var och en av de aktörer som ingår i de studerade flödena. Syftet har varit att undersöka hur väl wellpappThis project has been conducted with a case study approach. The studied objects are two different transport packages for the product Arboga skivbar leverpastej 250 gram, which is a Swedish liver paste. One of the transport packages is made of corrugated cardboard while the other one is a returnable plastic box that can be used over and over again. The packages have been studied during their way fr

Our purpose was to study different actors opinion about what reasons there are to homelessness among young abusers in Malmö. When we are talking about young abusers we mean those who are under 25 years old. Our central questions were: Which reasons could different actors see? Were the actor’s view of the reasons the same or were there any difference? How was the cooperation between the different a

Groundwater contamination by nitrate is a common problem in many parts of the world. The agriculturally important Shimabara district in Nagasaki, Japan, is experiencing this problem. The general source of drinking water of the study area is groundwater and consequently the nitrate contamination is a significant problem. For this reason, a groundwater investigation was performed and water samples w

Världens skogar lagrar stora mängder kol både som levande biomassa och i marken. Skogarnas förmåga att motverka klimatförändring genom att fungera som kolsänkor har erkänts inom global klimatpolitik, till exempel Parisavtalet från 2015 vilket uppmanar länder att minska sina utsläpp av växthusgaser. Sverige är ett av flera länder med ambitiösa målsättningar och har lovat att inte ha några nettoutslGlobal forests store large amounts of carbon both in living biomass and in the soil. The ability of forests to counteract climate change by acting as carbon sinks have been recognized in global climate politics, such as the 2015 Paris agreement which calls for national commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Sweden is one of many countries who have pledged ambitious climate goals, promisin

Background: Suicide victims have been found to frequently suffer from mental disorders, often more than one, and comorbidity has also been found to be a risk factor for suicide. The aim of the present study was to determine the first disorder and possible subsequent disorders in suicide victims during their lifetimes and to compare their development with the development of mental and alcohol use d

The secondary injury cascades exacerbating the initial brain injury following intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) are incompletely understood. We used dual microdialysis (MD) catheters placed in the perihaemorrhagic zone (PHZ) and in seemingly normal cortex (SNX) at time of surgical ICH evacuation in ten patients (range 26-70 years). Routine interstitial MD markers (including glucose and the lactate/p

Avian haemosporidians are vector-transmitted blood parasites that are distributed worldwide, abundant in many bird families and well studied across Europe and North America. Since avian haemosporidians have been poorly examined in the Palearctic migratory flyways of the Western Balkans, the goal of this study was to investigate which species of three haemosporidian genera, Plasmodium, Haemoproteus

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the impact of delay from diagnostic pre-hospital electrocardiogram (ECG) to wiring of the infarct-related vessel (ECG-to-wire) >120 minutes on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) markers of reperfusion success and clinical outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods and results: We included 1,492 patients in the analyses of cl

Electrostatic effects often dominate the behavior of charged surfactant systems. While descriptions on the level of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation are successful in describing many important features of such systems, they cannot predict those specific ion effects arising when changing counterions of the same valency and they often fail in predicting effects due to changing from a monovalent to a d

Deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway either through loss of PTEN or mutation of the catalytic subunit alpha of PI3K (PIK3CA) occurs frequently in human cancer. We identified PIK3CA mutations in 26% of 342 human breast tumor samples and cell lines at about equal frequency in tumor stages I to IV. To investigate the relationship between PTEN and PIK3CA, we generated a coh

Background: Improved diagnostics in suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are considered to be needed. To help clarify the current situation and the improvement potential, judged risk in the emergency department (ED) and outcome were analyzed among patients with suspected ACS at a university hospital. Methods: 157 consecutive patients with symptoms of ACS were included at the ED during 10 days.

Square-wave (SQW) ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 280–315 nm) radiation supplementation systems continue to be used in outdoor experimental locations due to the economically restrictive installation and maintenance costs, and technical expertise required to effectively operate more advanced modulated (MOD) delivery systems. However, continued yet contentious criticisms of SQW delivery systems risk creating p

PURPOSE: To describe complications and visual outcome of photocoagulation for clinically significant macular oedema. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Evaluation of macular oedema and complications of photocoagulation in 194 eyes, defined as subretinal fibrosis, atrophic creep of the pigment epithelium and subretinal neovascularization was based on stereo fundus photo grading. The study included 25 patients w

Diabetic foot ulcer is an important entity which in many cases is the first serious complication in diabetes. Although a plantar forefoot location is common, there are few studies on larger cohorts and in such studies there is often a combination of various types of ulcer and ulcer locations. The purpose of this study is to discern the outcome of plantar forefoot ulcers and their specific characte

Introduction and hypothesis Urinary incontinence (UI) is common among the elderly, but the literature is sparse on the surgical treatment of UI among the elderly. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of surgical interventions as treatment for urinary incontinence in the elderly population >= 65 years of age. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and prospective nonrandomize

Background: The association of dyslipidaemia with incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) has not been well studied in people with different glucose categories. Methods: Data from six population-based prospective studies in Finland and Sweden, with 4818 men and 4269 women aged 25-89 years who were free of CHD and without a prior history of diabetes at baseline, were jointly analysed. Multivariat