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When designing symmetric ciphers, security and performance are of utmost importance. When selecting a symmetric encryption algorithm, the first choice is whether to choose a block cipher or a stream cipher. Most modern block ciphers offer a sufficient security and a reasonably good performance. But a block cipher must usually be used in a stream cipher mode of operation, which suggests that using
In attempting to restore the chronic phase (CP) of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), the Swedish CML group utilized an intensive chemotherapy protocol for 83 patients (aged 16-79 years) in accelerated (AP, n = 22) or blastic phase (BC, n = 61). Most patients received a combination of mitoxantrone (12 mg/m(2) /d) and etoposide (100 mg/m(2) /d) together with cytosine arabinoside (1 g/m(2) b.i.d)
OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of therapy for patients with histologically mild hepatitis C virus (HCV) liver disease. DESIGN : A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial of interferon alpha-2b with or without ribavirin. SETTING : Regional and university hospitals. PARTICIPANTS : One hundred and sixteen treatment naive patients with mild chronic HCV infection. Mild HCV i
Hematopoietic stem cell lineage choices are decided by genetic networks that are turned ON/OFF in a switch-like manner. However, prior to lineage commitment, genes are primed at low expression levels. Understanding the underlying molecular circuitry in terms of how it governs both a primed state and, at the other extreme, a committed state is of relevance not only to hematopoiesis but also to deve
Optimum daily light-use efficiency (LUE) and normalized canopy photosynthesis (GEE*) rate, a proxy for LUE, have been derived from eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements obtained at a range of sites located in the mid to high latitudes. These two variables were analyzed with respect to environmental conditions, plant functional types (PFT) and leaf nitrogen concentration, in an attempt to character
Popular Abstract in Swedish Mycket få människor omkring oss vet innebörden av ordet kavitation, förutom de som såg filmen "The Hunt for Red October" och kan relatera kavitation till Sean Connery i en ubåt. Kavitation motsvarar bildandet av bubblor, som kan likna kokande vatten i en kastrull. Men den uppstår inte på grund av en hög temperatur utan på grund av ett lågt tryck. Den finns i de flesta tVery few people around us know the meaning of the word cavitation, except from those who saw the movie "The Hunt for Red October" and can relate cavitation to Sean Connery in a submarine. Some of them know that it corresponds to the formation of bubbles, due to a pressure drop, and causes erosion and noise. However, cavitation is much more complex. A large amount of research work has been done ove
Background: Levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is available in several countries for the treatment of advanced levodopa-responsive Parkinson’s disease (PD) with severe motor fluctuations and dyskinesia when other treatments have not given satisfactory results. Objective: Our objective was to summarize the present evidence base for LCIG therapy through a systematic review of the literature. M
Sedan hösten 2006 har lagstiftningsprocessen fått ett nytt inslag. Ett oreglerat och nästan okänt inslag, men ack så viktigt. När de fyra borgerliga partierna under åren 2004-2006 förberedde ett eventuellt regeringsskifte efter valet 2006 så var den s.k. Äntringsstyrkans arbete mycket viktigt. Ett av deras viktigaste förslag var att en mekanism för all samordning mellan de fyra partierna skulle inSince fall 2006, the legislative process has a new element. An unregulated and almost unknown element, however very important. When the four center right wing parties during the years 2004-2006 were preparing a possible change of government after the 2006 election, the work of the so-called “Äntringsstyrkan” was very important. One of their main proposals was that a mechanism for all coordination
Den 31 mars 2016 trädde Arbetsmiljöverkets föreskrifter (AFS 2015:4) om organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö (OSA) i kraft och ersatte tre andra på området gällande föreskrifter. Genom OSA förstärks och försvagas olika regleringar som gynnar arbetstagarintresset av psykisk hälsa i arbetslivet respektive arbetsgivarintresset av arbetsledningsrätt på bekostnad av varandra. Undersökningen visar atOn March 31, 2016, the Swedish Work Environment Authority’s regulations (AFS 2015:4) on organizational and social work environment (OSA) came into force and replaced three other regulations on the topic. OSA strengthens and weakens various regulations that promote the employee interest of mental health in working life, respectively employers’ interests of work management right, at the expense of e
På senare år har utvecklingen inom EU på konkurrensrättens område medfört ett ökat fokus på privat tillämpning av konkurrensreglerna, där skadeståndstalan vid skada som uppstått till följd av överträdelser av EU:s antitrustregler utgör en särskilt viktig del. Rätten till skadestånd vid överträdelse av EU:s antitrustregler fastslogs av EU-domstolen i det s.k. Courage-målet år 2001. I de allra flestIn recent years, the development within the European Union in the field of competition law has brought an increased attention to private enforcement of competition law. Actions for damages following damage caused by restrictions of competition are of special importance in promoting such private enforcement. The right to claim damages for breach of EU antitrust rules was established by the Court of
The Arctic tundra has been considered as one of the most sensitive areas to global climate change. One impact of global warming is that permafrost thawing could result in more waterlogged and anaerobic conditions, and consequently an increasing release of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. These potential CH4 emissions can further amplify global warming. Therefore, it is important to assess the quan
I juni förra året föreslog Kommissionen att tillämpningen av Koncentrationsförordningen skulle utvidgas till att omfatta icke-kontrollerande minoritetsförvärv. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att bedöma huruvida den föreslagna reformen är motiverad från ett rättsligt perspektiv. Det finns belägg för att icke-kontrollerande minoritetsförvärv kan ha väsentliga negativa effekter för konkurrensen. SåIn June 2013, the Commission proposed that the scope of merger control in the EU should be extended to include non-controlling minority shareholding acquisitions. The purpose of this thesis is to assess whether the proposed legal reform is motivated from a legal perspective. There is proof that non-controlling minority shareholdings may have significant anti-competitive effects. Indeed, such acqu
Abstract The aim of this research was to peruse the verdicts of custody disputes were violence against the mother has occurred. In 2005, a study by Barnombudsmannen presented a result that showed that 43 % of custody disputes were domestic violence occurred was convicted joint custody. The result leaded to a restriction of Swedish family law in 2006. This study therefor aims to examine how the cou
I svensk rätt gäller principen om fri bevisprövning. Principen innebär att domstolen fritt ska värdera den bevisning som presenteras under en rättegång. Det saknas i princip lagstadgade regler för hur bevisvärderingen ska utföras. I rättspraxis och lagförarbeten har dock vissa bevisvärderingsprinciper utvecklats. Dessa principer föreskriver bland annat att domstolen ska utföra bevisvärderingen ratIn Swedish law, the principle of free sifting of evidence applies. The principle means that the court freely should evaluate the evidence that is presented during a trial. In principle, there are no statutory rules that governs how the evaluation of evidence is to be carried out. However, in case law and in the legislative history some principles of evidence evaluation have emerged. These principl
Aggressiv skatteplanering har i takt med den digitala ekonomin blivit alltmer vanligt. På grund av multinationella företags globala natur har dessa en fördel i skattehänseenden genom att de kan flytta vinster mellan länder i syfte att betala mindre skatt. Både inom OECD och EU pågår ett ständigt arbete med att minska den aggressiva skatteplaneringen globalt. Genom BEPS-projektet har ett par verktyIn the more digital economy aggressive tax planning has become increasingly common. Due to their global nature, multinational corporations can move profits between countries in order to reduce their taxes. Both the OECD and the EU are continuously working to reduce the aggressive tax planning globally. Through the BEPS project several tools have been developed. One of these is country-by-country-r
Uppsatsen utgår från komplexiteten som råder kring förmögenhetsbrotten. Möjligheterna för brotten har utvecklats i och med utvecklingen av näringslivet samtidigt som osäkerhetsmarginalerna är stora i brottsstatistiken. Rekvisiten i brottet trolöshet mot huvudman har en särskilt komplicerad uppbyggnad och bedömningen är inte alltid glasklar. Missbruksrekvisitet utgör kärnan i det brottsliga handlanThe background of this thesis stems from the complexity surrounding property crimes. The possibilities for the crimes have developed with the development of the business sector, while the margins of uncertainty are large in the crime statistics. The necessary conditions in the crime of disloyalty to principal are particularly complex and the assessment is not always clear-cut. The requirement of a
Inadequate water infrastructural development and high costs of water are few of the many challenges that affect water access in Kibera. Consequently, many alternatives to piped water grew out of necessity to meet the needs of residents. The aim of this thesis is to examine the conditions that have led to poor water provision in Kibera and how transitions to improved water access can be achieved by
Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker en direkt aktion mot brännvinsbrännerier som genomfördes i Karlshamn, november 1853. Den arbetande befolkningen i staden var vid denna tid mycket upprörda över det faktum att de lokala brännvinsbrännerierna fick fortsätta att köpa upp och bränna spannmål och potatis, trots den ständigt ökande bristen på livsmedel. Genom att tillämpa den brittiske historiken E.P. ThThis thesis aims to investigate a case of worker’s direct action against distilleries of hard liquor (brännvin) in the southern Swedish town of Karlshamn, November 1853. Many people were angry because the distilleries were allowed to keep on distilling grains and potatoes despite the constantly increasing shortage of basic foodstuffs. By applying English historian E.P. Thompson’s theory of “the mo
