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Popular Abstract in Swedish Cellulära mekanismer vid ischemisk tolerans Stroke, hjärntrauma, hjärnblödning och övergående hjärtstillestånd, leder till minskat blodflöde till hjärnan (ischemi) och orsakar hjärnskador. Mot denna skadeutveckling finns ännu inte något medel för kliniskt bruk. I djurexperimentella ischemimodeller har man kunnat skydda hjärnan mot ischemiska skador genom att utsätta hjäA brief period of sublethal ischemia in the brain induces resistance to a subsequent, otherwise lethal ischemic insult. This phenomenon is known as ischemic tolerance or preconditioning. A model of ischemic preconditioning in the rat brain using the two-vessel occlusion model of global cerebral ischemia was established. Using this model we have demonstrated that ischemic preconditioning protects t

We have used a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) to address issues of importance for a future clinical application of dopamine (DA) neuron grafting in patients with PD. Human mesencephalic DA neurons, obtained from 6.5-8 week old fetuses, were found to survive intracerebral cell suspension xenografting to the striatum of rats immunosuppressed with Cyclosporin A. The grafts produced an extensiv

Standardisation is one of the oldest human activities. Industrial revolution and electro-technical advancements have further increased the importance of standardisation. Nowadays standards regulate our daily life not only through the products and services we use, but also directly as laws. In the EU, Harmonised European Standards (HESs) are used in legislation—occupying the law’s domain—but at the

In this chapter, I introduce an analytical framework to explain a particular type of institutional interplay— conflicts among international regimes—and to support the analysis of interplay management within institutional complexes. Over the past two decades, regime conflicts have become more frequent in global environmental governance, sometimes including not only environmental regimes but also re

Aim: A study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of functional assessment scales regarding completion rate and ability to document functional changes in geriatric rehabilitation patients. Methods: Five functional assessment scales were implemented, and used on admission and discharge as part of standard care. Results: Of 2,812 patients, 90 patients (3.2%) had no scales administered, 2,330 p

Background: Newborn screening (NBS) for long-chain 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency does not discriminate between isolated LCHAD deficiency, isolated long-chain keto acyl-CoA (LCKAT) deficiency and general mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiency. Therefore, screening for LCHAD deficiency inevitably comprises screening for MTP deficiency, which is much less amenable

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permits the visualization of anatomical structures not appreciated by conventional radiographic imaging, and may assess inflammatory disease and its progression with greater sensitivity than conventional radiography. In this study of 30 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which could be considered as a pilot study because of the relatively small number o

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with increased local inflammation in the affected brain regions, and in some studies also with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is known to promote a more effector-oriented phenotype in the T-cell compartment, increasing with age. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory response of

BACKGROUND: The multidisciplinary perioperative and anaesthetic management of patients undergoing pelvic exenteration is essential for good surgical outcomes. No clear guidelines have been established, and there is wide variation in clinical practice internationally. This consensus statement consolidates clinical experience and best practice collectively, and systematically addresses key domains i

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a minimally invasive bronchoscopic procedure, well established as a diagnostic modality of first choice for diagnosis and staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The therapeutic decisions for advanced NSCLC require comprehensive profiling of actionable mutations, which is currently considered to be an essential

Background: Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the formation of the deoxyribonucleotides that are essential for DNA synthesis. The R2 subunit of Escherichia coli RNR is a homodimer containing one dinuclear iron centre per monomer. A tyrosyl radical is essential for catalysis, and is formed via a reaction in which the reduced, diferrous form of the iron centre activates dioxygen. To help und

The SIRPα-CD47 axis plays an important role in T cell recruitment to sites of immune reaction and inflammation but its role in T cell antigen priming is incompletely understood. Employing OTII TCR transgenic mice bred to Cd47-/- (Cd47KO) or SKI mice, a knock-in transgenic animal expressing non-signaling cytoplasmic-truncated SIRPα, we investigated how the SIRPα-CD47 axis contributes to antigen pri

The fifth generation wireless system (5G) is expected to handle an unpredictable number of heterogeneous connected devices and to guarantee at least the same level of security provided by the contemporary wireless standards, including the Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocol. The current AKA protocol has not been designed to efficiently support a very large number of devices. Hence, a n

Data rate requirements for cellular communications are expected to increase 1000–fold by 2020, compared to 2010. This is mainly because of the rapid increase in the number of wireless devices and data hungry applications per–device. This creates a formidable bandwidth crisis. Milimeter–wave (mmWave) systems with massive multiple–input multiple–output (MIMO) operation are two complementary concepts

The purpose of the present study is to understand and clarify how Jesus is presented as a leader in the Gospel of Matthew. The usage of common leadership terms in reference to Jesus early in the story, the biographical genre of Matthew, and the consistently negative portrayal of other leaders in the story give good reasons for the inquiry. Three main questions are at the forefront: How does the th