Filtyp
Product gas obtained through biomass gasification can be upgraded to hydrogen-rich synthesis gas. The synthesis gas can be further converted to liquid or gaseous fuels. However, the raw product gas contains both gas- and particle-phase impurities that can negatively affect both catalysts and hot-gas filters used for upgrading and cleaning. The present study aimed to characterize, both physically a
Unga lagöverträdare särbehandlas idag straffrättsligt. De ska hållas utanför kriminalvården och istället företrädelsevis bli föremål för insatser inom socialtjänsten. Syftet bakom samarbetet mellan straffrätt och socialrätt är att unga individer är sårbara, påverkbara och med en bristande ansvarsförmåga. Denna samverkan kompliceras av att straff- och socialrätt är två rättsområden vars syftebeskriToday young law-offenders shall achieve special treatment in the penal system. They shall be kept out of the correctional services and instead primarily receive care from the social services. The purpose behind this cooperation between penal law and social law is that young individuals are vulnerable, impressionable and less accountable than adults. This collaboration is complicated due to the fac
Denna uppsats syftar till att utreda vilken betydelse erkännandet har i brottmålsprocessen i Sverige. Uppsatsens fyra frågeställningar utgör ramen, och innefattar såväl en allmän del om bevisprövning som en djupdykning i erkännandets prövning och styrka som bevis. I uppsatsen används huvudsakligen rättsdogmatisk metod. Dock görs även en undersökning av sex omtalade tingsrättsdomar för att se hur pThis essay aims to study the importance of confessions in Swedish criminal law procedure. The essay consists of a general overview of the court’s evaluation of evidence as well as an examination of how the courts perceive confessions and the strength of a confession as evidence. Six renowned district court rulings have been analyzed to see how the law is applied. Since this area is largely unregul
The potential of information technology as a means to invigorate democratic practise is constantly under discussion. Regardless of the differing opinions as to the most suitable way to utilise IT, there are certain democratic core values that have to be considered. One of these is freedom of information, defined by us as the right of every citizen to seek, obtain and express information. The aim o
Inkomster i inkomstslaget kapital kan erhållas i form av löpande avkastning samt i form av kapitalvinst vid avyttring av tillgångar. Det är endast privatpersoner som beskattas i inkomstslaget kapital med en skatt på 30 procent. Juridiska personer skall redovisa sina kapitalinkomster i inkomstslaget näringsverksamhet. Vissa av beskattningsreglerna i inkomstslaget kapital skall dock tillämpas för juIncomes can be obtained in form of current income and in form of capital gains on disposal of assets, in the income category capital. It´s only natural persons who are taxed in the income category capital with a tax rate of 30 percent. Juridical person shall report their capital income in the income category business tax. When juridical persons are calculating the taxable capital income they shoul
China's rapid growth in electricity demand intensifies the twin challenges of water conservation and carbon reduction in a system where production and consumption are spatially mismatched. We develop a novel evaluation framework to quantify how electricity generation and interprovincial transmission redistribute “virtual” water and carbon. The method integrates national water/carbon footprints by
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychiatric condition containing a large spectrum of developmental disorders. The diagnosed condition is increasing among people today. With this in mind, there is also a growing need for competence and experience with services and organizations providing care for this target group. The aim of this study was therefore to examine what competence and experien
Chloroplast gene expression is regulated by developmental and environmental signals. It has been proposed that there is a direct coupling between electron transport in biological membranes and gene expression (J. F. Allen, 1992, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1098, 275-335). The hypothesis predicts the existence of a sensor in the thylakoid membrane capable of transmitting redox signals to the chloroplast
The monograph reports a number of studies of a therapist’s speech. It comprises three chapters. The first chapter is a theoretical introduction into the scientific problem of the psychotherapeutic utterance. It reveals some psychological aspects of language issue, explains the concepts of “utterance” and “psychotherapeutic utterance”, and provides an account of the research methods used for studyi
Background: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been suggested as the most promising biomarker of acute kidney injury. However, there are no reliable data on analytical sensitivity and reference limits of urinary NGAL (uNGAL) assay in pediatric age. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the analytical sensitivity and the reference range of uNGAL measured in urine specimens
Several risk factors for severe non-proliferative and proliferative retinopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus have been proposed without explaining the rapid progression of retinopathy in some patients. Since GAD65 autoantibodies (GAD65Abs) are detected against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), which is mainly expressed in islets and nervous tissue in type 1 diabetic patients, the aim of the presen
Många forskare lyfter fram fenomenet att gränserna mellan intern och extern kommunikation suddas ut. Det är däremot tämligen outforskat vad detta får för betydelse för organisationers kommunikation, vilket denna studie tar avstamp i. Ett exempel är att medarbetare genom dagens kommunikationsmöjligheter kan lyfta en organisations interna sakfrågor i digitala diskussionsarenor. Syftet med uppsatsen
Genom EU-domstolens banbrytande avgörande i UsedSoft 2012 bekräftades att konsumtion av spridningsrätten kan ske till digitala kopior av datorprogram, förutsatt att kraven för en ”första försäljning” enligt artikel 4.2 dator-programdirektivet uppfylls. Domen innebar slutpunkten för den vedertagna uppfattningen att spridning av digitala verk ska klassificeras som tjänster, för vilka konsumtionsprinIn 2012, the CJEU confirmed in the landmark UsedSoft case, that the right of distribution right in regards to digital copies of computer program can be exhausted, provided that the requirements for a “first sale” according to Article 4.2 of the Software Directive is met. The ruling put an end to a previous ion that the distribution of digital copies of copyrighted works is considered as a service
This research investigates the construction of air pollution as a risk in local media. The aim of this paper is to map the factors influencing the reporting and response to the risk. As method, a case study and qualitative content analysis of local newspapers in Kraków is used. The first part of the thesis consists of a review of research on environmental risks in media. Further on, an overview o
Principen jura novit curia ålägger domstolen en skyldighet att utreda och tillämpa gällande rätt. Den anses traditionellt även medföra att domstolen inte är bunden av parternas åsikter i rättstillämpningsfrågan, eller har en skyldighet att uppmärksamma parterna ifall den överväger tillämpa rättsregler de inte hänfört sig till. Inkorporeringen av Europakonventionen (EKMR) i svensk rätt har medfört the principle jura novit curia imposes a duty onto the court to investigate and apply the relevant legal rules. Traditionally the principle is also considered to entail that the court is untethered by the parties opinions or instructions concerning the application of the law. Neither is the court compelled to inform the parties whenever it considers applying a legal rule the parties have not refer
Provokationers strafflindrande effekt har länge setts som självklar i såväl det svenska som andra länders rättssystem. 1989 infördes en bestämmelse i Brottsbalken som uttryckligen bekräftade att provokationer, eller ordagrant enligt bestämmelsen ”uppenbart kränkande beteende”, skulle ses som en förmildrande omständighet vid bedömningen av ett brotts straffvärde. I förarbetet till bestämmelsen utveThe mitigating effect of provocation has for a long time been considered a given part of the Swedish as well as other judicial systems. In 1989, a new regulation was introduced in the Swedish Penal Code, explicitly confirming the mitigating power of provocation, or, as directly translated from the regulation, “obviously abusive behaviour”, in the assessment of the penal value of a crime. The clues
Patienter har i Sverige så kallad negativ självbestämmanderätt, det vill säga en rätt att neka behandling. Denna rätt återfinns i såväl patientlagen som i svensk grundlag. Den negativa självbestämmanderätten uttrycks bland annat genom kravet att patienten måste samtycka till medicinsk behandling för att sådan ska få genomföras. Kravet på samtycke kan åsidosättas vid fara som akut och allvarligt hoPatients in Sweden have the right to negative autonomy which means they have a right to refuse treatment. This right can be found in the Swedish Patient Act as well as in constitutional law. Negative autonomy is guaranteed through the requirement that patients must consent to medical treatment for such treatment to lawfully be carried out. Exemptions from the requirement of consent can be made in
