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Svensk strafflagstiftning särbehandlar unga lagöverträdare mellan 15 och 21 år vid både straffmätning och i val av påföljd. I uppsatsen beskrivs hur dagens ordning har vuxit fram sedan införandet av strafflagen 1864: dels genom att redovisa förändringarna i den positiva rätten, dels genom att analysera de straffteoretiska motiven bakom förändringarna. Den historiska utvecklingen ligger sedan till Young offenders between the ages of 15 and 21 are treated differently compared to adults in the Swedish penal system. They get their sanction reduced and can be subject to other kinds of sanctions. This essay examines how the penal system for young offenders has developed since 1864: both by describing the changes of the positive law and by analysing the influence from different penal theories. Th

At the forefront of the fourth industrial revolution, technologies such as digital twin seek to shift the way industrial companies operate. A digital twin is a virtual replica of a product, system or process. Historically, the focus has been on representing single objects but it is now shifting to interconnected processes, such as supply chains. Advanced versions of a supply chain digital twin can

Finding vulnerabilities in open source code is getting more important with the increasing use of open source. The National Vulnerability Database (NVD) provides a database for public vulnerabilities, or CVEs (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures), which is a standard for identifying vulnerabilities. NVD is the most common used source for vulnerabilities but there exists other vulnerability sources

Fallskydd och multiplaner i Lomma släpper ut mikroplaster i Höje å! Ungefär var tionde lekplats i Lomma har en gummibaserad yta som släpper ifrån sig mikroplast. Vid en noggrannare undersökning av en skolgård upptäcktes att mikroplaster därifrån hamnat i ett närliggande vattendrag, Höje å, via dagvattenrören. Mikroplaster är ett problem som fått allt större uppmärksamhet den senaste tiden. FiskarMicroplastics have detrimental effects in marine, fresh water and terrestrial environments and is a pollution of growing concern worldwide. Microplastics originates from many different sources, e.g. from rubber granulates used in artificial turfs. In a recent study, artificial turfs (football fields) were identified as the second largest source of microplastics in Sweden (tyre wear being the large

Syftet med denna uppsats var att mäta följsamheten i den psykoedukativa interventionen Strategi föräldrautbildning. Strategi föräldrautbildning vänder sig till föräldrar och närstående till barn med adhd. I studien fokuserade vi på den manual som Strategi föräldrautbildning grundar sig på och vi försökte hitta manualens centrala komponenter i syfte att kvantitativt mäta utfallet av föräldrautbildnThe purpose of this exame was to make a study to measure the compliance of the psychoeducative parenting education Strategi. Strategi parenting education refers to parents and close ones whose children have been diagnosed with ADHD. In the study, we focused on the guide that Strategi parent education is based on and tried to find key components in order to qvantitative measure these outcomes. In o

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka förhållandet mellan yttrandefrihet och bestämmelsen om hets mot folkgrupp i svensk rätt, för att därefter jämföra hur rättsläget inom detta område ser ut i USA. Yttrandefrihetens förhållande till hets mot folkgrupp är något som har berörts i förarbeten till straffbestämmelsen, dock kvarstår det en viss problematik för när det ena intresset anses väga tyngre änThe main purpose of this thesis is to examine the relationship between freedom of speech and the regulation on a crime of racially motivated hate (in Sweden named hets mot folkgrupp found in Chapter 16 Section 8 of the Swedish Penal Code), thereafter in a comparison to the legal position of the issue in America. The foundation of the Swedish legislation of the crime is found in the Swedish Penal C

Världens befolkning växer för var dag som går och därmed ökar även behovet av mat. Eftersom arealen odlingsbar mark är begränsad måste vi bli smartare i användandet av åkermark för att kunna föda fler människor. På grund av global uppvärmning och det faktum att växtbaserade livsmedel genererar mindre utsläpp än kött, borde fler resurser fokusera på att utveckla växtbaserade produkter. I dagsläget Due to the world’s growing population and an increase in food demand, new innovative food products need to be developed to maximize the use of limited farmland. Because of global warming and the fact that plant based products generate less greenhouse gases than meat based products, research should focus on new plant-based protein sources. Rapeseed press cake is a residue from rapeseed oil producti

European Spallation Source (ESS) is a linear particle accelerator planned to be built in Lund, Sweden. There is a need to control the electric field in the cavities in the particle accelerator, according to given specifications of the field. The aim of this thesis is to compare a traditional PI controller to an MPC controller, to see if there is any difference in the performance that can be achiev

Outdoor climate has considerable impact on the indoor climate and it is therefore important to adapt the buildings to the climate. This thesis shows how to improve indoor climate in a climate which it is hot, dry in the summer and cold in the winter. My investigative unit is a middle class house in the town Baalbek in Lebanon and the purpose of the study is to come up with proposals on possible so

Både i Sverige och utomlands finns det ett behov av tvistlösning som alternativ till domstolsprövning. I Sverige har sedan 1917 Stockholms Handelskammares Skiljedomsinstitut fungerat som institut för alternativ tvistlösning genom skiljeförfarande och en gångbar lagstiftning på området har i Sverige funnits sedan 1929. Skiljeförfarandet som tvistlösningssätt präglas av fyra essentiella hörnstenar -In Sweden as well as in other countries, there is a need for alternative dispute resolution as supposed to dispute resolution through a court of law. The Stockholm Chamber of Commerce has functioned as an institute for alternative dispute resolution by arbitration since 1917, whereas passable regulations on arbitration have been in force since 1929. The arbitration as a method of dispute resolutio

When a system is maintained, its automated test suites must also be maintained to keep the tests up to date. Even though practice indicates that test suite maintenance can be very costly we have seen few studies considering the actual efforts for maintenance of testware. We conducted a case study on an evolving system with three updated versions, changed with three different change strategies.

Continuous expression of E6- and E7-oncogenes of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types is necessary for the development and maintenance of the dysplastic phenotype. The aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the APTIMA HPV mRNA assay (Hologic) in predicting future development of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among high-risk HPV-DNA-positive

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subgroup of breast cancer with poor prognosis and no targeted therapy available. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are emerging targets in anticancer therapy and many RTK-inhibiting drugs are currently being developed. The aim of this study was to elucidate if there is a correlation between the protein expression of three RTKs c-KIT, VEGFR2 an

The brain is considered to be an immune privileged site, because the blood-brain barrier limits entry of blood borne cells and proteins into the central nervous system (CNS). As a result, the detection and clearance of invading microorganisms and senescent cells as well as surplus neurotransmitters, aged and glycated proteins, in order to maintain a healthy environment for neuronal and glial cells

One of two conditions for establishing abuse of European law in the area of VAT is that in spite fulfillment of the literal meaning of a VAT directive and national provisions, a tax advantage is gained which is contrary to the purpose of those provisions. First, a comparison of ten examples illustrating different conditions shows that whether it is advantageous or not to be taxed and allowed to de

Många av dagens cancerpatienter får strålbehandling. Den strålning som produceras i en strålbehandlingsapparat är av två olika slag: elektronstrålning och fotonstrålning. Vanligt ljus är också fotonstrålning, men fotonstrålningen som används inom strålbehandling är mycket mer energirik och kallas med ett annat namn för röntgenstrålning. Inför en strålbehandling görs mycket planering utav ett team "This project concerns the precise characterization of one of the VARIAN accelerators used in the radiotherapy clinic at the Finsen Centre at Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark. Detailed characteristics of the clinical beam incident on the patient are almost impossible to measure. Even though manufacturers provide the necessary information about the specific accelerator, the models are c

The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), which covers a large cohort of half a million men and women from 23 European centres in 10 Western European countries, was designed to study the relationship between diet and the risk of chronic diseases, particularly cancer. Information on usual individual dietary intake was assessed using different validated dietary assessm

Abstract Authors: Marit Bjorgen Gulbrandsen and Hanna Andersson Title: Collaboration – giving and taking (translated title) Supervisor: Hilma Holm Assessor: Håkan Jönson Research shows that only about half of the cases where teachers suspect that a child is abused or neglected are reported to the Social Welfare Agencies. The purpose of this study was to illuminate School personnel and Child Prot