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This paper aims to illuminate the strategies of international and national drug control. As globalization affects the global drug problem and the possibilities of controlling the same, an effective drug control at the international level is highly important. The Swedish drug policy is considered good through international standards but it is based on restrictive policies aiming towards a drug free
In Sweden opinions are strongly divided on the issue of integration. In a study from 2007 four parallel discourses on integration in the Swedish debate were identified. They are labeled the liberal-, the social democratic-, the structural discrimination discourse and finally a discourse of assimilation. A fifth is discussed briefly – the critical humanist position. In this report I take a closer l
Motivated by the rising importance of today’s environmental issues and more specifically the role of energy conservation policies, the current study investigates the Granger causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in eight European countries. Using a large dataset that overall spans from 1800-2009 the study employs the Toda-Yamamoto procedure and cointegration analysis w
Objective. Increasing survival of extremely low birth weight (ELBW; birth weight < 1000 g) infants raises a concern regarding the risks of adverse long-term outcome such as cognitive dysfunction. Few studies have reported long-term follow-up of representative regional cohorts. The objective of this study was to assess the 5-year outcome of a prospectively followed national ELBW infant cohort. Meth
Patients with acute asthma attending the emergency room were included in a double-blind, double-dummy and parallel group study to investigate whether a dry powder inhaler (Turbuhaler) can be used in acute asthma. If so, the aim was to establish the potency relationship between a beta 2-agonist (salbutamol) administered by the dry powder inhaler and the pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). Eigh
Purpose: We measured concentrations of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), total prostate specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA) and percent fPSA to evaluate their relationship to total prostate gland volume, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) volume, total prostate cancer (PCa) volume (CaVol) and the volume of Gleason grades 4/5 cancer (CaVolG14) in the serum of 256 patients with PCa undergoing
AIMS: The CHA2DS2VASc score is used to evaluate the risk of thromboembolic events in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. We assessed the prognostic yield of CHA2DS2VASc for new-onset atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a non-atrial fibrillation population.METHODS: We analysed a population-based cohort of 22,179 middle-aged individuals with (n = 3542) and with
Background: Early-onset pancreatic cancer (< 50 years, EOPC) is uncommon and limited data exist on clinical presentation and long-term survival. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes between patients with EOPC and those with later-onset pancreatic cancer (≥ 50 years, LOPC) using a large population-based cohort. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was qu
BACKGROUND: Patients on dialysis who have an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have an exceedingly poor prognosis, but it is unknown to what extent guideline-recommended interventions and treatments are used and to which benefit. We aimed to assess temporal changes in the use of treatments and survival rates in dialysis patients with an AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS: All consecutive AMI cases from 1996
BACKGROUND: Glibenclamide (Gb) may provoke long-lasting hypoglycaemic reactions, and one of the known risk factors is impaired renal function. We have demonstrated Gb to have a terminal elimination half-life of 15 h, and the main metabolites have a hypoglycaemic effect. With few exceptions, detailed studies on second generation sulphonylureas in diabetics with impaired renal function are lacking.
Background: Abdominal obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim was to explore the influence of midnight salivary cortisol (MSC), antidepressants and sex on abdominal obesity in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We controlled for physical inactivity, smoking, depression and alexithymia. Methods: Cross sectional study of 190 T1D patients (86 women/104 men, 18-59 years, diabetes duration 1-5
BACKGROUND:There are limited data on the treatment outcomes of adolescents living with HIV. Our objective was to compare mortality and loss to follow up (LTFU) rates between adolescent and younger age groups at enrollment in care.METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort study carried out in eight health facilities in two regions of Ethiopia. Adolescents (age 10-14 and 15-19 year) and children (age BackgroundThere are limited data on the treatment outcomes of adolescents living with HIV. Our objective was to compare mortality and loss to follow up (LTFU) rates between adolescent and younger age groups at enrollment in care.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study carried out in eight health facilities in two regions of Ethiopia. Adolescents (age 10–14 and 15–19 year) and children (age 0–
Microbial decomposers process a great majority of net primary production in the biosphere and regulate carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. Microbial communities are extremely diverse and often disregarded from global C-cycling models, but one strategy to overcome this challenge is to focus on the major decomposer groups: fungi and bacteria. These groups have distinct life strategies and are differentMicrobial decomposers process a great majority of net primary production in the biosphere and regulate carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. Microbial communities are extremely diverse and often disregarded from global C-cycling models, but one strategy to overcome this challenge is to focus on the major decomposer groups: fungi and bacteria. These groups have distinct life strategies and are different
Background:Little is known about hip-related function, mobility, and performance in patients after hip arthroscopic surgery (HA) during the time that return to sports can be expected.Purpose:To evaluate measures of subjective and objective hip function 6 to 10 months after HA in patients compared with healthy controls and to compare objective function in the HA group between the operated and nonop
The identification of carotid atheromatous plaques associated to a higher neurologic risk may be important in therapeutic decision making for asymptomatic patients and symptomatic patients with 50%-70% stenosis. The introduction of high-definition ultrasonography (HDU) and computer-assisted image analysis provides the possibility of a standard, objective and detailed characterization of the struct
Background: The time spent in nursing homes (NHs) by patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) might be influenced by many factors, e.g., sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, rate of disease progression, and concomitant disorders. Whether different aspects of cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) therapy (drug agent, dose, and duration) affect time spent in NHs has not been investigated. We studi
A reliable assessment of the optical properties of atmospheric black carbon is of crucial importance for an accurate estimation of radiative forcing. In this study we investigated the spatio-temporal variability of the mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of atmospheric black carbon, defined as light absorption coefficient (σap) divided by elemental carbon mass concentration (mEC). σap and mEC have
Aim of the study Predicting outcome of unconscious patients after successful resuscitation is challenging and better prognostic markers are highly needed. Ischemic heart disease is a common cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Whether or not high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) is a prognostic marker among survivors of OHCA with both ischemic and non-ischemic aetiologies remains to be d
