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Popular Abstract in English Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Although survival rates are low compared to other cancers, more than 500,000 women worldwide die of breast cancer every year. It is however not a single disease but rather a collection of different diseases with similar appearance but distinct molecular mechanisms.Background: Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Targeted therapy against the main biomarkers estrogen receptor alpha (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ERBB2) have greatly improved mortality rates, but ab initio or acquired therapy resistance is common. It is imperative to identify patients who will benef

Popular Abstract in Swedish Aneurysm är ett sjukdomstillstånd som är känt sedan ca 2000 år före vår tideräkning, och bukaortaaneurysm (bråck på stora kroppspulsådern i buken) beskrivs i publikationer från 1500-talet. På 1800-talet försökte man sig på att behandla med ligering, tyvärr med dåligt resultat, och först på 1920-talet beskrivs den första lyckade ligeringen. Behandling med graftrekonstrukThe incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is increasing. The risk of rupture is related to diameter. However, rupture may occur also in small AAA. To evaluate the size of an aneurysm when related to the predicted normal aortic diameter might be a better predictor of risk. AAA:s, range 40-55 mm were studied in relation to gender. No difference in AAA diameter was found. However, body surfac

In transplants of embryonic striatal cells placed into the excitotoxically lesioned rat striatum (a model of Huntington's disease), as many as 60 to 90% of the grafted cells are believed to die. Caspase activation is part of a cascade of events that can lead to apoptosis. We investigated the effect of the caspase inhibitor acetyl-tyrosinyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-chloromethylketone (Ac-YVAD-cmk) on In transplants of embryonic striatal cells placed into the excitotoxically lesioned rat striatum (a model of Huntington's disease), as many as 60 to 90% of the grafted cells are believed to die. Caspase activation is part of a cascade of events that can lead to apoptosis. We investigated the effect of the caspase inhibitor acetyl-tyrosinyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-chloromethylketone (Ac-YVAD-cmk) on

Through an argumentation analysis can one show how it is feasible to view a narrative religious text such as the Gospel of Matthew as a literary argument. The Gospel is not just “good news” but an elaborate argument for the standpoint that Jesus is the Son of God, the Messiah. It is shown why an argumentation analysis needs to be supplemented with a pragmatic literary analysis in order to describe

Biotechnology and genetic engineering raise a number of new ethical problems. Consequently, over the past 15 years, several European countries, including the Nordic countries, have passed new laws in an attempt to deal with the ethical problems posed by biotechnology. These developments raise the question of how to formulate legislation to regulate both the technical and ethical aspects of biotech

The main objective for this article is to explore how users of psychoactive drugs experience time and the role psychoactive drugs play in the management and construction of time. The data in this study consists of different kinds of written documents such as anecdotal accounts and scientific articles and reports which was collected using a purposeful sampling technique. One important result is tha

The presence of graphite particles in gray cast iron commonly implies a good machinability, especially if compared to common steels. However, increasing industrial demands have resulted in a new interest for high-speed machining of these materials with higher performing tool materials than the traditionally used. Thus, the research presented in this paper focuses on evaluating the active tool wear

This paper argues that rules and norms are conceptually distinct: what is norm is not thereby rule, and vice versa. Versions of conflating the two are discussed and an argument for distinction given. Two objections to the argument are responded to. It is accepted that rules and norms are often intimately related. They are so causally, not conceptually: what norms we live by can make a difference t

Recent studies of beetle specimens deposited in collections have revealed five species new to the Swedish fauna to be hiding amongst their closely related species. In some cases, the species known to the Swedish fauna are widespread and considered common, making it easy to overlook the slight differences that separate them from the similar and less common species. Some of these species are restric

This chapter starts with the question of how damages for violation through crime are determined by law. Compensation for criminal injuries is the predominant type of non-pecuniary damages in Swedish tort law. Yet, a fundamental uncertainty exists regarding computation of damages and the legal meaning of ‘violation’. The general consensus in the legal profession is that norms for computation of damThis chapter starts with the question of how damages for violation through crime are determined by law. Compensation for criminal injuries is the predominant type of nonpecuniary damages in Swedish tort law. Yet, a fundamental uncertainty exists regarding computation of damages and the legal meaning of ‘violation’. The general consensus in the legal profession is that norms for computation of dama

A first lesson in physical chemistry invariably starts with an example of water existing in three states, or phases - gaseous (water vapour), liquid (water from the tap) and solid (ice cubes). Such phase transitions are easily observed, but their underlying cause is not so evident. Atoms and molecules are difficult to follow due to their minute size and rapid movements. So, in order to investigateThe effect of microscopic colloid interactions on the resultant macroscopic phase behaviour is a frequently studied topic in soft matter resarch, and lies at the heart of this thesis. Key structural and dynamic properties of colloidal model systems across liquid-solid transitions are tracked using optical imaging techniques. The first studied system comprises of thermosensitive microgels. These ar

This self-study documents two teacher educators’ professionalinquiry into the notions of critical friendship. Specifically, we asked:How does our interactive inquiry on the topic of critical friendshiplead us to new understandings of critical friends? Three theoreticalperspectives framed this study – More Knowledgeable Others,Thought Collective, and reflection. Data sources included (a) artifactsfThis self-study documents two teacher educators’ professional inquiry into the notions of critical friendship. Specifically, we asked: How does our interactive inquiry on the topic of critical friendship lead us to new understandings of critical friends? Three theoretical perspectives framed this study – More Knowledgeable Others, Thought Collective, and reflection. Data sources included (a) artif

The role of the fracture process region during fast fracture is discussed. Reviewed experiments on modern pressure vessel steels show that already at crack tip speeds of one or two hundred mls fracture processes are dominantly brittle. Modelling of the process region is discussed in the light of asymptotic elastic plastic fields and process region autonomy. It is suggested that a fraction of the cThe role of the fracture process region during fast fracture is discussed. Reviewed experiments on modern pressure vessel steels show that already at crack tip speeds of one or two hundred mls fracture processes are dominantly brittle. Modelling of the process region is discussed in the light of asymptotic elastic plastic fields and process region autonomy. It is suggested that a fraction of the c

This thesis deals with local government bodies, especially municipalities, as parties to contracts. It primarily focuses on general problems relating to the competence of a municipality to enter into contracts, and the subsequent legal effects, in light ofthe principles and rules ofpublic and private law. When analysing a contract to which a governmental body is a party, it is necessary to conside

OBJECTIVE: To determine biological variation of the aggrecanase-generated aggrecan ARGS neoepitope in serum (sARGS) and synovial fluid (sfARGS) within and between patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.DESIGN: Matched samples of serum and synovial fluid were available, as parts of clinical trials, from i) 16 subjects with early-stage OA on 8 occasions over 1 y

As a result of a careful examination of the available Swedish material of the genus Clambus Fischer von Waldheim,1821 (Coleoptera: Clambidae), our current understanding of the Swedish Clambus fauna is revised. A total of 1844 specimens were identified from museum specimens as well as private collections, resulting in eight species belonging to the Swedish fauna. In the past there was confusion abo