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Den svenska lagen på upphandlingsområdet för den klassiska sektorn, lagen om offentlig upphandling (LOU), bygger på upphandlingsdirektiv grundande på EU-fördragets bestämmelser om fri rörlighet för varor och tjänster. Rättsmedelsdirektivet, direktiv 89/665/EEG, som syftar till att säkerställa efterlevanden av upphandlingsreglerna, tillkom i början av 90-talet. Direktivet lämnade dock stort utrymmeThe Swedish law on procurement is based on Community Directives on public procurement establishing fundamental EU Treaty principles such as the principles of free movement of goods and services. The Remedies Directive (89/665/EEC), entering into force in the beginning of the 90´s, was adopted to ensure that effective and rapid remedies are available to aggrieved bidders. However, the directive let

LGBTs (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) in Lebanon have for a long time been a target of oppression were legal, economic and social factors have contributed to their historical marginalization. While the Lebanese Penal code in article 534, is criminalizing homosexuality the law is rarely applied and is primarily used to violate the privacy of gay and lesbians by denying them basic human rig

This article describes two inter-related research projects concerned with the teaching and learning of English in contemporary contexts, where English is changing its status from being the first language of specific groups of speakers to becoming a global lingua franca. Focussing respectively on learners of English as a second language (L2 users) in the Netherlands and Sweden, and on native speake

Researchers in gerontology have addressed the way age-based arrangements may communicate stereotypical and devaluing images of older people, thereby linking high age to frailty and dependence. The present article considers proposed reforms to the Swedish eldercare system designed to guarantee people over 85 the right to move into a nursing home regardless of their needs. The purpose of the article

Liposomes are considered a major route for encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. Chitosan coated liposomes could represent an alternative way as a carrier for delivery of drugs in human body. In this study the preparation and applicability of chitosan-coated liposomes containing curcumin as well as curcumin loaded anionic liposomes were evaluated. The applicability of the carrier

In this country report, as well as the accompanying general report, the authors revisit a 1999 European Taxation article discussing tax avoidance, which stemmed from the first European Association of Tax Law Professors meeting. The authors explore shifts in tax avoidance perception due to the introduction of the treaty general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR) (principal purpose test), EU GAAR and specif

This essay examines the Bavarian physician, mining engineer, and Catholic romantic philosopher Franz von Baader's (1765-1841) enigmatic claim that we think because we are thought with the help of the moral theologian Servain Pinckaers OP (1925-2008) and the psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1934-2021). Using Pinckaers' idea of 'fontal knowledge' and Csikszentmihalyi's notion of flow, I interprThis essay examines the Bavarian physician, mining engineer, and Catholic romantic philosopher Franz von Baader's (1765-1841) enigmatic claim that we think because we are thought with the help of the moral theologian Servain Pinckaers OP (1925-2008) and the psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1934-2021). Using Pinckaers' idea of 'fontal knowledge' and Csikszentmihalyi's notion of flow, I interpr

In this paper, we argue that e-participation research is at a crossroads as its theories and empirical scope are increasingly detached from the contemporary relationship between information technology and political participation. We illustrate this challenge through two developments: (1) the dissolving boundaries between online and offline spheres of political participation and (2) the growing diIn this paper, we argue that e-participation research is at a crossroads as its theories and empirical scope are increasingly detached from the contemporary relationship between information technology and political participation. We illustrate this challenge through two developments: (1) the dissolving boundaries between online and offline spheres of political participation and (2) the growing di

The Siljan region hosts Europe´s largest impact structure. The high-relief landscape, with a central granite dome bordered by lake basins, contains an array of glacial and shore-level landforms. We investigated its deglaciation history by mapping and analysing landforms on high resolution LiDAR-based Digital Surface Models coupled with well-dated sediment successions from peat and lake sediment co

Popular Abstract in English In the past ten years, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion has been one of the subjects receiving great research interests in the combustion research community and the engine industry. This is because HCCI combustion processes have the potential of not only capable providing high efficiency like diesel engine combustion, but also producing much lowLarge Eddy Simulation (LES) modeling is developed to study homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion under different engine operation and mixture conditions, including real engine configurations and generic test cases. A previously developed HCCI model has been validated by comparing the simulation results with engine experiments. A new spark-assisted HCCI (SACI) combustion model h

A lot of attention has been focused on the policy stream of the multiple streams framework (MSF). John Kingdon used the role of the policy entrepreneur to theorize what was going on when problems become political issues. In order to fully grasp this process we need to further theorize also the problem stream. What is going on in the problem stream is defining the conditions for coupling done by po

This report focuses on critical metals in Waste from Electrical Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and their recycling possibilities. The criticality is defined in terms of demand. The EU needs access to these metals and recycling can be an important part of the supply-strategy. The report covers assessments of (1) the potential amount of critical metals in the selected product groups, and (2) the actual

From a paradigmatic understanding of tourism, the thing about tourism experiences is that they differ from everyday life. You experience different places, see different people, get to know different ways of doing things, and so on. To do tourism, then, is to experience a series of changes from the ordinary. Several things change in the course of the making and consumption of a tourism product. For

Kandidatarbetets syfte har varit att ta fram ett hjälpmedel för studenter på sedimentologikursen vid Geologiska institutionen på Lunds universitet. Hjälpmedlet är tänkt att kunna användas utan lärares hjälp då ett ökat studentantal och försämrad ekonomi på institutionen begränsar lärarnas möjlighet att kunna ge alla studenter den hjälp de behöver för att nå kursmålen. Enkätundersökningar och kursvThe purpose of this Bachelor thesis has been to create an aid for the students at the Department of Geology at Lund’s University. The resource is supposed to be usable without assistance from a teacher. This since the number of students has increased markedly over the last few years while the economic means of the department have decreased. This has reduced the teachers abilities to give all the s

Att uppskatta lövyteindex med satellitdata Vegetation har unika spektrala egenskaper som kan användas inom fjärranalys för att få information om viktiga ekologiska parametrar, som t.ex löyteindex (eng. leaf area index, LAI, lövyta per markenhet). LAI styr många ekologiska processer som fotosyntes och transpiration. Med hjälp av satellitbilder kan man uppskatta LAI i stor skala. Vegetation absorLeaf area index, LAI, is an important biophysical parameter in ecological modeling. It is the ratio of leaf area per unit ground area. To obtain LAI over large areas in a fast and convenient way the use of satellite data is important. Aim of the project was to determine if there is a relationship between LAI and red-, NIR reflectance and a couple of vegetation indices: Global Environment Monitorin

Jag har intervjuat tre sångpedagoger för att förstå hur de balanserar sångteknik, personligt uttryck och röstideal i sångundervisningen. De forskningsfrågor jag sökt svar på är: Finns det ett eller flera röstideal som eftersträvas i sångundervisningen i allmänhet?; Vilket/ vilka är i så fall dessa röstideal?; Påverkar detta ”röstideal” det personliga uttrycket hos eleven och i så fall på vilket sä

Abstract Authors: Arnela Ibrakovic and Jenny Geffen Title: Medical social worker – a certainty? A study of professional fencing and identity The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine and illuminate how medical social workers perceive their professional role, identity and challenges in the hospital organization. The study furthermore explores the importance of group solidarity for

The specific way the Athenians set up their democracy presents both theoretical and empirical challenges. Decisions were taken by majority vote in the Assembly. To keep politicians in line, the Athenians first used ostracism, which however was replaced by the graphe paranomon around 415 BCE. The latter provided that anybody who had made a proposal in the Assembly could be accused of having made an