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The relative costs were analysed of (1) no prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis (DVT), (2) selective treatment of DVT after confirmation of diagnosis, (3) general prophylaxis with standard low-dose unfractionated heparin and (4) general prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in patients undergoing elective general abdominal surgery or elective hip surgery. The mean calculated cos
To reach internationally agreed climate targets, it is especially important to phase out coal-powered electricity generation in favour of low-carbon technologies. Several governments have pledged to phase out coal power. However, coal phase-out is hindered by resistance of negatively affected workers, companies and regional governments. To reduce such resistance and to increase fairness within the
Background: The total cost of bile duct injuries (BDIs) in an unselected national cohort of patients undergoing cholecystectomy are unknown. The aim was to evaluate costs associated with treatment of cholecystectomy-related BDIs and to calculate cost effectiveness of routine vs. on-demand intraoperative cholangiography (IOC). Methods: Data from Swedish patients suffering a BDI during a 5 year peri
This thesis investigates the ontogeny of thermoregulation and growth in birds, to improve the understanding of how prevailing environmental temperature affects physiology and morphology, and to examine whether body size influences thermoregulation. My focus has been on temperature effects emerging after hatching, which are poorly understood compared to effects of variation in embryonic development
UN resolution 1325 on empowering women has its tenth anniversary 2010. The Swedish government subsidiary the Folke Bernadotte Academy and Swedish military evaluated the practical implementation of the resolution in Afghanistan. This thesis investigates if women’s emancipation in accordance with resolution 1325 may spoil the peace process. The thesis main focus is on the Swedish action plan and its
BackgroundChronic pain is a highly prevalent disease, leading to high health care costs, impaired productivity, and decreased quality of life. An artificial intelligence (AI)-powered, digital tool for self-management (PaindrainerTM) has been shown to be an effective treatment in chronic pain and may have potential to reduce the burden on costs and quality of life.ObjectiveThe objective of this stu
This thesis is based on three scientific papers dealing with costs and financial risks associated with keeping stock. Reasonable cost parameters are important to implement an effective inventory control system, which in turn is one of the key activities in logistics management. All three papers consider a single-level inventory system. Single-period, multi-period as well as continuous review syste
The alarming loss of pollinator diversity world-wide can reduce the productivity of pollinator-dependent crops, which could have economic impacts. However, it is unclear to what extent the loss of a key native pollinator species affects crop production and farmer's profits. By experimentally manipulating the presence of colonies of a native bumblebee species Bombus pauloensis in eight apple orchar
Germany remains the only large country in the world without a general speed limit on highways. One of the main arguments for this policy is that lower speeds represent a travel time cost that is not outweighed by benefits, such as a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. As transport decision making in the European Union is based on cost-benefit analysis (CBA), this paper compares the value of tra
