Filtyp
The electricity produced from photovoltaics represents only a small fraction of the total electricity consumption in Sweden, but the installed capacity in Sweden doubled for the fourth year in a row in 2014. If this trend continues it is both interesting and important to discuss where we want to see PV systems in our future society. Looking at the market share of different types of PV systems in o
In this contribution, we discuss the menu of policy regimes available for Iceland. Each regime is evaluated against the characteristics of the Icelandic economy. We start with a short description of the Icelandic economy. We then examine the costs and benefts of alternative monetary regimes. We conclude that no regime Iceland has tried since attaining full sovereignty in 1918 has provided economic
Since 2002, UNHCR has been updating its registration practices by e.g. implementing a unified data system, the Project Profile, and the use of biometrics. Large groups of refugees now have to leave their fingerprints as well as other personal data with the organisation, to be stored and subsequently used to e.g. verify their identity. This modernisation campaign has been encouraged and financially
This thesis investigates the ontogeny of thermoregulation and growth in birds, to improve the understanding of how prevailing environmental temperature affects physiology and morphology, and to examine whether body size influences thermoregulation. My focus has been on temperature effects emerging after hatching, which are poorly understood compared to effects of variation in embryonic development
This doctoral thesis investigates the relationship between socioeconomic status and the onset of cardiovascular disease in a contemporary population of natives and foreign-born individuals in Sweden. The complexity of individual socioeconomic characteristics and the interrelationship with other cardiovascular risk factors is the focus of the studies in this thesis. As in most developed countries,
Life-history theory predicts that the trade-off between parasite defense and other costly traits such as reproduction may be most evident when resources are scarce. The strength of selection that parasites inflict on their host may therefore vary across environmental conditions. Collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis) breeding on the Swedish island Öland experience a seasonal decline in their p
I examined the costs of producing and maintaining floral structures in Nigella degenii (Ranunculaceae). To test for such costs, I subjected plants of two populations to flower or perianth removal and then evaluated allocation to subsequently produced flowers, fruits, and seeds. Based on data from a flower removal experiment, the amount of resources allocated to flowers during the staminate and pis
Individuals can gain substantial benefits from collective actions.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 However, collective behaviors introduce new challenges, like coordinating actions, maintaining cohesion, and meeting the needs of different individuals. When making collective movements, leaders are typically thought to gain disproportionate benefits through the choice of more beneficial resources3 and/or earlier acces
A conspicuous feature of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated protein SOD1 is that its maturation into a functional enzyme relies on local folding of two disordered loops into a catalytic subdomain. To drive the disorder-to-order transition, the protein employs a single Zn2+ ion. The question is then if the entropic penalty of maintaining such disordered loops in the immature apoSOD1
This study investigates the potential loss of memory details as a consequence of making successful associative inferences using the associative inference (AI) paradigm with naturalistic stimuli mimicking realistic interactions (AB,BC,and AC). It also aims to further our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the production of integrated memory representations—whether through integrative encod
Quality requirements complement functional requirements with information on the target quality levels of software functions or emergent system quality aspects. In release planning the allocation of development effort in further investments into product enhancements, new or enhanced functions are competing with quality improvements for limited resources. When setting balanced quality targets for de
Historically, labor supply elasticities have been used to evaluate tax policy and predict tax revenue effects. They are likely to underestimate taxpayers' response to tax rate changes, and hence to underestimate changes in potential tax revenues, however, because they measure only how taxpayers alter hours worked. Taxpayers can also respond to tax rate changes by altering, for instance, their work
Although a negative trade-off between current reproductive effort and future reproductive output has for long been hypothesized and in some cases empirically shown, no mechanism with the potential to mediate such a reproductive cost from one season to another has been demonstrated. Here we suggest such a mechanism: the time and/or energy constraints during moult. We manipulated current reproductio
BackgroundChronic pain is a highly prevalent disease, leading to high health care costs, impaired productivity, and decreased quality of life. An artificial intelligence (AI)-powered, digital tool for self-management (PaindrainerTM) has been shown to be an effective treatment in chronic pain and may have potential to reduce the burden on costs and quality of life.ObjectiveThe objective of this stu
