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In the past decade, many initiatives were taken for the development of antibodies for proteome-wide studies, as well as characterisation and validation of clinically relevant disease biomarkers. Phage display offers many advantages compared to antibody generation by immunisation because it is an unlimited resource of affinity reagents without batch-to-batch variation and is also amendable for high
More than 235 million patients undergo surgery every year worldwide, but less than 1% are enrolled in surgical clinical trials-few of which are international collaborations. Several levels of action are needed to improve this situation. International research collaborations in surgery between developed and developing countries could encourage capacity building and quality improvement, and mutually
The destruction of land and forced migration during the Anfal attacks against the Kurds in Iraq in the late 1980s has been reported to have severe consequences for agricultural development. A reconstruction program to aid people in returning to their lands was launched in 1991. To assess the agricultural situation in the Duhok governorate during the pre-Anfal (A), post-Anfal (B), reconstruction (C
We have cloned a cDNA for a myocardial cGMP-inhibited cAMP phosphodiesterase (cGI PDE) from a human heart cDNA library in lambda Zap II. The open reading frame [3.5 kilobases (kb)] of cDNA clone n.13.2 (7.7 kb) encodes a protein of 125 kDa. In Northern blots of total human ventricle RNA, a single mRNA species (8.3 kb) hybridized with a 4-kb EcoRI restriction fragment of clone n.13.2 cDNA (containi
This review examines evidence that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) depends on autoimmunity to articular collagen, and mechanisms whereby autoantibodies to type II collagen contribute to disease development. Three major autoantigenic reactants have been identified in RA; the corresponding autoantibodies are rheumatoid factor (RF), antibodies to citrullinated peptide antigens (ACPA), citrullinated peptide
Growth hormone (GH) has been used as anabolic therapy to treat catabolic patients. In a recent study, however, administration of high doses of GH to critically ill adults was associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Preponderance of septic shock and uncontrolled infections as causes of death in these patients suggests an immuno-modulatory effect of GH. Our hypothesis was that GH tre
Climate change has already triggered species distribution shifts in many parts of the world. Increasing impacts are expected for the future, yet few studies have aimed for a general understanding of the regional basis for species vulnerability. We projected late 21st century distributions for 1,350 European plants species under seven climate change scenarios. Application of the International Union
The driving force behind oncoproteomics is to identify protein signatures that are associated with a particular malignancy. Here, we have used a recombinant scFv antibody microarray in an attempt to classify sera derived from pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients versus healthy subjects. Based on analysis of nonfractionated, directly labeled, whole human serum proteomes we have identified a protein s
Previously, we found that emergence of the X4 viral phenotype in HIV-1-infected children was related to the presence of X4 in their mothers (C. H. Casper et al., J Infect Dis 2002; 186: 914-921). Here, we investigated the origin of the X4 phenotype in the child, analyzing two mother-child pairs (Ma-Ca, Mb-Cb) where the mothers carried X4 and their children developed X4 after an initial presence of
Conservation and restoration of fens and fen meadows often aim to reduce soil nutrients, mainly nitrogen (N) andphosphorus (P). The biogeochemistry of P has received much attention as P-enrichment is expected to negatively impact on species diversity in wetlands. It is known that N, sulphur (S) and hydrological conditions affect the biogeochemistry of P, yet their interactive effects on P-dynamics
This paper develops a control integration methodology that can be used to balance competing performance objectives. The target application for the method is blood glucose management for diabetic patients. The true system model is uncertain and changes over time. Multiple controllers have been designed with competing performance objectives in mind. In the proposed method, on-line predictors are use
Elevated moisture contents due to exposed weather conditions and ageing façade materials can often lead to degradation and increased risks for the building walls, but also affect the insulating properties of the materials, as thermal and hygric behaviour of building materials are closely interconnected. This paper presents the first results from a study of a 1950-ies multi-family building with a p
Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is an alternative to conventional CFD to capture the detailed activities of the transport processes at microscale. Here LBM is used to model the hydrogen production by splitting water by incident sunlight over water covered Si-nanorods. The purpose of this study is, by a 3D microscale model, to investigate the transport and the formation of the hydrogen bubbles by el
Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen and a common cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Despite H. pylori provoking strong innate and adaptive immune responses, the bacterium is able to successfully establish long-term infections. Vitronectin (Vn), a component of both the extracellular matrix and plasma, is involved in many physiological processes, including regulation of the co
In 2006 a genetic signal within the gene encoding transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) was first reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes. Since then multiple genome-wide association studies have revealed this signal to be among the most strongest associations reported with this disease to date. Furthermore, multiple studies around the world have revealed the global relevance of this locus
Background: Long waiting times have been a significant problem in theSwedish health care system. A lack of matching of pathways of care has ledto long waiting times for patients, increasing medical risk and contributingtowards less effective capacity utilisation. There are different pathways into theelective healthcare system in Sweden, some via referral from a physician andothers via referral wri
Artificial recharge (AR) is a method to balance and recover groundwater resources. AR has been the main and parsimonious solution for water scarcity problems in the arid and semiarid Middle East for thousands of years. This technique is increasingly being encouraged and at present there has been a renewed interest to find improved methods for AR in many arid countries. AR may be defined as augment
In Japan, used mobile phones are collected through several voluntary projects. In European countries, on the other hand, used mobile phones are handled together with other electronic waste in mandatory EPR systems and municipalities collect most of them as recyclable wastes. In this study, we focused on the role of producers and municipalities. We seek to conduct a comparative analysis of current
