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Background: In most resource poor countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, modern contraceptive use and prevalence is unusually low and fertility is very high resulting in rapid population growth and high maternal mortality and morbidity. Current evidence shows slow progress in expanding the use of contraceptives by women of low socioeconomic status and insufficient financial commitment to fami
Background: Climate change affects human health in various ways. Health planners and policy makers are increasingly addressing potential health impacts of climate change. Ethiopia is vulnerable to these impacts. Assessing students' knowledge, understanding and perception about the health impact of climate change may promote educational endeavors to increase awareness of health impacts linked to cl
Objective: The insulin responsive adiponutrin (PNPLA3 or ADPN) gene shows association with obesity and in vitro adipocyte lipolysis. This study aimed to replicate the association between PNPLA3 variants and obesity, and to investigate their effect on insulin resistance and beta-cell function. Methods: rs738409 (Met148Ile) and rs2072907 (C to G) were genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination as
Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån mitt empiriska material kartlägga och beskriva hur föräldrar till barn intagna på särskilda ungdomshemmen tolkar, definierar och upplever ett behandlingsprojekt, som involverade olika myndigheter, benämnt Motverka Våld och Gäng. Dessutom uppmärksammas hur de anställda samordnarna uppfattades och kategoriserades av föräldrarna. ”Föräldrar” blir i undersökninThe aim of this study is to analyze how mothers with children placed in Swedish juvenile homes interpret, define and perceive, on the one hand, the project “Motverka Våld och Gäng” meaning “Counteract Violence and Gangs”, and on the other hand the role of the Coordinators employed in this project. The mothers who were interviewed spoke about some Coordinators that they appreciated. They then pain
The use of service oriented architectures (SOA) is rapidly penetrating contemporary business life based on the promise of scalable and flexible information infrastructures. However the technique is still in it infancy and many questions regarding the consequences of a shift towards this kind of IT architecture still remains unanswered. We approach the relation between SOA and another actual topic,
Fruit trees have a vast range of water needs. When it comes to Crop Water Requirement (CWR), grapes may be considered as a low water consumption crop. Thus, grapes can be a good alternative in arid and semiarid areas as compared to dates, citrus, and bananas that have higher CWR. Much water can be saved if agricultural management focuses on high-yield crops with low CWR. Therefore, changing existi
Given the uncertainty and complexity of security risk analyses, there is a great need of tools for contextual inquiry supporting assessment of risk with multi-value scales according to different stakeholders’ point of view. Such tools can be used at individual level to help develop the understanding of a problem space. At the collective level, they can be used as a mean of communication to support
Popular Abstract in Swedish Av de industrier som kom att spela en viktig roll för den starka ekonomiska utvecklingen i Sverige från 1890-talet och framåt befann sig den moderna verkstadsindustrin i frontlinjen. Syftet med denna avhandling är att diskutera hur de teknologiska förändringar som präglade den andra industriella revolutionens inledande fas påverkade den relativa efterfrågan på yrkesskicSweden experienced a remarkable economic growth in the period 1890-1930, to a large extent due to a very successful adaptation of core elements of the Second Industrial Revolution such as electricity and mechanical engineering. Theoretically this thesis aims at discussing changes in the balance between the relative demand for skilled and unskilled labour during the first phase of the Second Indust
This thesis is a critique of the New Institutional Economics (NIE) in economic history. The focus is on explanations to the origin and development of capitalist institutions within NIE. After a methodological discussion in chapter 1 the author investigates into how well NIE succeeds in explaining capitalist institutions. In chapters 2 and 3, a conceptual critique of the theoretical bases of evolu
Popular AbstractDenna sammanläggningsavhandling tar upp olika aspekter vid det regionala innovationssystemet i en urban kontext. Det övergripande syftet är att identifiera faktorer som kan förklara hur regionala innovationssystem faktisk fungerar i en urban agglomeration. Detta är gjort genom att se på innovationsdynamiken och innovationsaktiviteten i Oslo regionen, och genom att se hur två olika The dissertation is based on a collection of papers addressing different aspects of regional innovation systems in an urban context. The overall aim is to find explanatory factors behind the workings of regional innovation systems in urban agglomerations by looking at the innovation dynamics and innovation outcomes of the Oslo region, and secondly, by analysing how two diverse subsets of economic
It is rare that epidemiological surveys of patients with major trauma include both those admitted to the emergency department and those sent for medico-legal autopsy. The main aim of the present population-based study of major trauma was to examine the importance of medico-legal autopsy data.
Begreppen "lag" och "ordning" tycks betinga varandra. Lagen kan sägas vara garanten för ordningens upprätthållande, ett slags juridisk kodifiering av samhällets ordningsskapande föresatser. Men omvänt förutsätter lagen en ordning. Det måste finnas legitima institutioner med auktoritet att stifta och upprätthålla lagarna. Regler kan inte tillämpas på kaos, och under de senaste åren har man i debatt
Environmental protection has become high in the policy agenda of East Asian countries by the end of the last century due to both internal and external stimuli. One of the main environmental issues is the management of solid waste. The concept of circular economy which encourages reduce, reuse, and recycling, i.e. 3Rs, together with the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has been p
Jordan has seen a large increase in population during the past five decades as a result of high population growth rate and forced migrations. Economical and cultural development has improved the standard of living and changed consumer habits in the community, resulting in an increase in the volume of Municipal solid waste (MSW) with time. World Bank visibility study (2004) showed that the rate of
Objective: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) decrease life expectancy for affected patients. The aim was to describe the perceptions of received information regarding diagnosis, treatment and management, as well as social support and coping perceived by patients with PAH or CTEPH. Methods: A descriptive, national cohort survey that incl
Public perception of the underlying causes of anthropogenic climate change is a complex and subjective issue that is critical to effective risk communication. This issue is important to scientists and policymakers because of the role of individual perceptions in influencing their protective behaviour towards risk (e.g., the adoption of climate risk reduction and mitigation strategies). This cross-
Transportation accounts for a large and growing part of carbon dioxide emissions. With an increasing vehicle fleet worldwide private car use is becoming an acute problem in need of urgent attention and action. Policy interference and cleaner cars are not enough; alternative fuel vehicles such as electric vehicles need to be adopted by consumers as well. Previous research on pro-environmental consu
The concept of ecosystem-based adaptation is advocated at international, national, and regional levels. The concept is thought to foster sustainability transitions and is receiving increasing interest from academic and governmental bodies alike. However, there is little theory regarding the pathways for its systematic implementation. It furthermore remains unclear to what degree the concept is alr
