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BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates have profound effects on bone physiology, and could modify the process of metastasis. We undertook collaborative meta-analyses to clarify the risks and benefits of adjuvant bisphosphonate treatment in breast cancer.METHODS: We sought individual patient data from all unconfounded trials in early breast cancer that randomised between bisphosphonate and control. Primary ou

Currently, there appears to be an unhealthy disjunction between grand expectations and acknowledged reality in the face of urban transformations underway throughout the world. Drawing on the "right to the city" discourses, adopting a Lefebvrian approach to the production of space, and a critical regionalist approach to housing and the built environment, the article explores the conceptual analytic

Transition to vehicles with reduced-emission fuels such as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), LNG (Liquified Natural Gas), Biogas, and Hydrogen gas is an important sustainable approach in the mobility industry. The pressure vessels that are installed as fuel containers on such vehicles are critical components in this transition. However, the Type IV Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) pressure vess

Med ett politiskt parti anklagat för fascism i riksdagen, och nynazister marscherande på gatorna är frågor om demokrati och frihet viktigare än någonsin. Var bör yttrandefrihetens gränser dras? Bör den överhuvudtaget begränsas? Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att utforska en möjlig lösning till de problem som dagens demokrati står inför. Det här åstadkoms genom en konstruktion av ett konceptuellt With a political party accused of fascism in the Swedish parliament and neo-nazis marching in the streets, questions of democracy and freedom of expression are as important as ever. Where to draw the boundaries of the freedom of expression? Why have, or limit, such freedoms in the first place? The purpose of this thesis is to investigate a possible solution to the problems facing contemporary demo

How can we reconcile Muslim minority law with state law in the European Union and its member states? This essay seeks to analyse and dismantle the concepts of ‘secular’ law and ‘religious’ minority law in the context of the European Union and within the theoretical framework of Sociology of Law. France and the UK shall serve as locations for contextualised comparison, assisting us in making sense

Within the Renewable Energy Directive, the European Union has embedded sustainability criteria, addressing sustainable biofuels. Due to criticism, the sustainability criteria have been re-examined by the EU in the light of Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC). This thesis focuses on the sustainability understanding of the EU on biofuels, through assessing the sustainability criteria in the realms of su

We argue that wars over natural resources, even if they are limited in their military scope, can have long-term consequences on the level and composition of public revenues. Military success in a resource war may lead to the annexation of natural resource-rich areas from enemy combatants, which provides the winning coalition with valuable and easy-to-tax sources of income. This, however, might dis

Medical knowledge is always in motion. It moves from the lab to the office, from a press release to a patient, from an academic journal to a civil servant s desk and then on to a policymaker. These movements matter: value judgements on the validity of certain forms of know­ledge determine the direction of clinical research, and policy decisions are taken in relation to existing knowledge.The compl

The White House Budget proposal for 2018, if approved, could lead to a drastic cut in US funding of UN activities in the coming years. Since the US is the largest contributor to the regular budget, peacekeeping operations, agencies and programmes, its decision could have major implications on the organisation’s workings. Besides well-founded queries about what the US actually stands to gain by suc

There is an urgent need to address in a comprehensive manner the problem of systematic and flagrant violations of international humanitarian and human-rights law in ongoing conflicts, including its sources and implications. More specifically, possible lines of action to counter the growing importance of non-state armed actors and the use of explosives in populated areas must be discussed. A Global

Fatigue is one of the principal damage mechanisms in a slender concrete structure under cyclic loads. And needs to be calculated locally through all the structure, considering the lading conditions and the particularities of concrete. The model presented here is capable to account for the fatigue damage in a probabilistic way, relating the annual loading conditions for each point and the degradati

Fan worms (Annelida: Sabellidae) possess compound eyes and other photoreceptors on their radiolar feeding tentacles. These eyes putatively serve as an alarm system that alerts the worm to encroaching threats, eliciting a rapid defensive retraction into their protective tube. The structure and independent evolutionary derivation of these radiolar eyes make them a fascinating target for exploring th

The transitions to a low carbon and sustainable society are urgent, but at the current level and pace of action there is a significant risk we will escalate and exceed the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement and fail to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. By engaging cities, we can build momentum around bottom-up interconnected actions and accelerate societal and technological transitions.

Equal participation in safe and decent work is a crucial factor for achieving gender equality. Despite this, gender-based obstacles remain as workplaces often fail to ensure the human rights, health, and general wellbeing of their employees, with menstrual health being an especially neglected aspect of the gendered workplace experience. While menstrual health has gained increased attention over th

The study will deal with the strategies used by the Swedish government and the Public Health Agency (FHM) to control the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Initially, the risk of general transmission was considered low and the strategy was to flatten the curve. However, the Swedish approach was criticized for being unclear and not imposing strict restrictions, while others hailed it as an exemplary mod

Title: The Shadow Communication Model Seminar date: 2025-10-17 Course: Strategic Brand Management Authors: William Eriksson, Saga Nunstedt Strömberg, Ole Senkler Advisor: Mats Urde Keywords: Shadow message / Noise / Shannon Weaver / Semiotics / The Shadow Communication Model Research question: How do companies express shadow messaging in their advertisements, and in what ways does external n

Uppsatsen behandlar billighetsskälens roll i det svenska påföljdssystemet och analyserar hur dessa har utvecklats i rättstillämpningen samt hur de motiveras och omvärderas i betänkandet En ny straffreform (SOU 2025:66). Billighetsskälen ger uttryck för humanitetsprincipen och syftar till att möjliggöra strafflindring när en påföljd utmätt enbart efter brottets straffvärde skulle framstå som oskäliThis thesis examines the role of billighetsskäl (equity factors) in the Swedish sentencing system and analyses their legal development as well as the rationale behind the proposals presented in A New Penal Reform (SOU 2025:66). Equity factors, reflect the principle of humanity by allowing courts to reduce sentences where punishment determined solely on the basis of penal value would be unreasonabl

The study investigates how the consumption of bulk commodities has transformed from mundane to remarkable and reveals how people, events, meanings and ideas from the past have affected this change in consumers’ attitude. The paper discusses how mundane products have become a center of consumer interest and provides theoretical explanation of the phenomenon. The research focuses on bottled water as