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Background: HPV vaccination programs have been introduced in large parts of the world, but monitoring of effectiveness is not routinely performed. Many countries introduced vaccination programs without establishing the baseline of HPV prevalences. We developed and validated methods to estimate protective effectiveness (PE) of vaccination from the post-vaccination data alone using references, which
Objective: Additional and comorbid diagnoses are common among suicide victims with major depressive disorder (MDD) and have been shown to increase the suicide risk. The aim of the present study was first, to investigate whether patients with severe depression/melancholia who had died by suicide showed more additional psychiatric disorders than a matched control group. Second, general rates of como
The effect of external forcings on atmospheric circulation is debated. Due to the short observational period, the analysis of the role of external forcings is hampered, making it difficult to assess the sensitivity of atmospheric circulation to external forcings, as well as persistence of the effects. In observations, the average response to tropical volcanic eruptions is a positive North Atlantic
Natural hazards (i.e. earthquakes, floods) become disaster when they strike the man-made environment. To effectively reduce the impact of every disaster, governments prepare a complete strategy, called disaster management. Availability of data such as: buildings, lifeline systems, roads, hospitals and etc, will help the managers to better decision-making. The majority of this data is spatial and c
Context: Epigenetics may contribute to sex-specific differences in human liver metabolism. Objective: To study the impact of sex on DNA methylation and gene expression in human liver. Design/Setting: Cross-sectional, Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study. Participants/Intervention: We analyzed DNA methylation with the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in liver of an obese population (34 males, 61 femal
In short, this thesis discusses if liquidated damages clauses can be used as redemption clauses in Sweden and if such use can be defended and explained with the theory of Efficient Breach. Redemption clause is used in the thesis as the term for a liquidated damage clause, where its remedy is paid by a party instead of performing in accordance with the agreement. The thesis consists of a review of
Hur många gånger har du tagit på dig en svart tröja och sedan upptäckt hur varmt det blir när solen tittar fram? Med hjälp av den erfarenheten är det säkert tydligt att mörka material värms upp mer av solens strålar än ljusa material. Man säger att mörka material ”tar till sig”, eller absorberar, en större andel av den strålning som solen sänder ut i form av ljus. Det som inte absorberas kan istälHuman population on Earth is increasing and is projected to continue increasing for many years to come. Most of the increase will probably occur in cities and the extent of urban areas will increase with it. As cities grow larger and new cities are built, the many and diverse climatic effects of urbanization will become more evident. A specific climatic effect of urbanization which has not receive
Med utgångspunkt i en etnografisk studie av den ideella gemenskapen Anonyma Narkomaner (NA) i Sverige och en genealogisk analys av NA:s beroendebegrepp undersöker denna studie varför personer som använder droger på sätt som anses olämpliga samtidigt betraktas som både klandervärda och oskyldiga.Studien använder begreppet den globala drogmoralen för att benämna de principer som styr när, var, hur oBased on an ethnographic study of Narcotics Anonymous (NA) in Sweden and a genealogical study of NA’s concept of addiction, this study examines why people who use drugs in ways that are considered inappropriate are simultaneously recognised as culpable and innocent.The study introduces the concept of the global drug ethic to represent the principles about when, where, how, and who ought and ought
The purpose of this study has been to examine how family counselors with a social work degree perceive their role within the inpatient care of child - and adolescent psychiatry. The empirical data consisted of interviews with six family counselors, all of whom are social workers and work in inpatient care. The study is based on a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, where the inter
One of the major ways in which economic inequality can increase is when the development of wages of ordinary workers trail productivity and GDP growth, meaning that the increasing riches fall in the hand of other social groups (top employees, owners of land and capital). This paper investigates the relationship between wages and GDP in Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1800 to 1910, using wage serie
Abstract OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether psychosocial resources explain socioeconomic differences in smoking cessation and its maintenance. METHODS: A subpopulation of 11,837 individuals from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study interviewed in 1992-94, age range 45-64 years, was investigated in this cross-sectional study. A multivariate logistic regression model was used t
A frame of reference is presented intended to capture conditions that influence the usability of information technologies, primarily computers, in a society. The frame of reference includes four components that influence one another: 1. External physical conditions, 2. Economic resources (including other technological resources), 3. Social actors and their interests, and 4. the Understanding, con
Moisture transport in concrete under a temperature gradient is a topic that has challenged researchers for at least some 60 years. No conclusions are still drawn on how to describe it theoretically and how to quantify it experimentally. In this paper some of the theoretical and experimental work done is summarized. A description of the flux of moisture by the relative humidity and the water vapour
In 1920, the working day in Swedish industry and services was cut from 10 to 8 hours without wages being cut correspondingly. This change resulted in a dramatic wage push, with real wages increasing by about 50 percent in the years from 1919 to the deflation of 1921–22. This paper studies the consequences of this wage push for real wages, unemployment, profits and investments. Since agriculture wa
Over the last ten years, there has been a great deal of research and development in Sweden in the field of rehabilitation robotics. The research effort has often focused on workplace adaptations. This paper deals with four robotic adaptations, all of whic
