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The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the estimation of the cost of illness (COI) related to maternal-newborn ill-health (MNIH). The methodology used for the review includes a systematic search on electronic databases for published literature and manual searches for the identification of grey (unpublished) literature. Searches are based on the major electronic databases and al
Dietary supplements, designed to fortify the antioxidant status of human metabolism, are intended to provide nutritional support against the aging process. The strategy is based on the observation that environmental and metabolic sources of oxidatively generated free radicals damage key macromolecules, such as DNA, that in turn alter physiologic processes, and in turn may contribute to aging and a
Popular Abstract in Swedish Inom många olika fält hyllas dialogen. Det finns en stark och utbredd tro, främst i det västerländska samhället, att lyckas man bara upprätta en dialog kan man planera i samförstånd och lösa problem. Människor talar med varandra för att förstå, hjälpa varandra och för att skapa gemensamma värden och målsättningar. I studiet av samtal upptäcker man emellertid snabbt att In the spring of 1997 a group of parents of deaf and hearing-impaired children and representatives of a special school in the south of Sweden began to hold formally arranged meetings in order to start a “dialogue”. This particular form of collaboration became the focus of this study. The meetings lasted two to three hours and I attended seventeen of them. The transcriptions of those meetings form
Narratological studies have quite frequently focused upon linguistic structures, considered to be paradigmatic cases of narrativity, whereas pictorial signs (such as icons and symbols) or indices have received comparably much less attention. In this paper, however, I intend to outline some basic and regularly occurring narrative aspects of pictures and non-pictorial objects. As a point of depart
Background: Patients with alcohol and other drug use disorders (AOD) frequently have multiple social, physical, and mental health treatment needs, yet have difficulty accessing community services, including drug abuse treatment. One strategy for linking patients with AOD with relevant services is case management, where a single case manager is responsible for linking patients with multiple relevan
In the 1990s, Japanese energy regulators were concerned by the fact that new generations of energy using appliances and products no longer displayed successive use-phase energy efficiency improvements, such as those that characterised product development in Japan after the 1970s oil crises. Therefore, in 1999, Japan incepted its Top Runner programme, designed to rejuvenate the lost momentum. Sever
This chapter starts with a description of the optics of camera-type eyes, in which an image is projected upon a retina with cornea and lens as refracting elements. Ray tracing is explained with the human eye as an example of a terrestrial vertebrate's eye. Then the comparison is made to camera eyes of aquatic and amphibious animals, with an explanation of different kinds of aberrations, difficulti
The word “desertification” was introduced in 1949 by the French scientist Aubreville in his report “Climats, forêts et désertification de l´Afrique tropicale”. The concept, however, was discussed earlier by European and American scientists in terms of increased sand movements, desiccation, desert and Sahara encroachment and man made deserts. Desertification, at the beginning of last century, mea
Background: HPV vaccination programs have been introduced in large parts of the world, but monitoring of effectiveness is not routinely performed. Many countries introduced vaccination programs without establishing the baseline of HPV prevalences. We developed and validated methods to estimate protective effectiveness (PE) of vaccination from the post-vaccination data alone using references, which
Objective: Additional and comorbid diagnoses are common among suicide victims with major depressive disorder (MDD) and have been shown to increase the suicide risk. The aim of the present study was first, to investigate whether patients with severe depression/melancholia who had died by suicide showed more additional psychiatric disorders than a matched control group. Second, general rates of como
The effect of external forcings on atmospheric circulation is debated. Due to the short observational period, the analysis of the role of external forcings is hampered, making it difficult to assess the sensitivity of atmospheric circulation to external forcings, as well as persistence of the effects. In observations, the average response to tropical volcanic eruptions is a positive North Atlantic
Natural hazards (i.e. earthquakes, floods) become disaster when they strike the man-made environment. To effectively reduce the impact of every disaster, governments prepare a complete strategy, called disaster management. Availability of data such as: buildings, lifeline systems, roads, hospitals and etc, will help the managers to better decision-making. The majority of this data is spatial and c
Context: Epigenetics may contribute to sex-specific differences in human liver metabolism. Objective: To study the impact of sex on DNA methylation and gene expression in human liver. Design/Setting: Cross-sectional, Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study. Participants/Intervention: We analyzed DNA methylation with the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in liver of an obese population (34 males, 61 femal
Hur många gånger har du tagit på dig en svart tröja och sedan upptäckt hur varmt det blir när solen tittar fram? Med hjälp av den erfarenheten är det säkert tydligt att mörka material värms upp mer av solens strålar än ljusa material. Man säger att mörka material ”tar till sig”, eller absorberar, en större andel av den strålning som solen sänder ut i form av ljus. Det som inte absorberas kan istälHuman population on Earth is increasing and is projected to continue increasing for many years to come. Most of the increase will probably occur in cities and the extent of urban areas will increase with it. As cities grow larger and new cities are built, the many and diverse climatic effects of urbanization will become more evident. A specific climatic effect of urbanization which has not receive
