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Over the past century an ongoing establishment of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), sometimes at accelerating rates, is noted at three studied Lithuanian peat bogs, namely Kerėplis, Rėkyva and Aukštumala, all representing different degrees of tree coverage and geographic settings. Present establishment rates seem to depend on tree density on the bog surface and are most significant at sparsely cov
BACKGROUND: An adequate amount of prepaid resources for health is important to ensure access to health services and for the pursuit of universal health coverage. Previous studies on global health financing have described the relationship between economic development and health financing. In this study, we further explore global health financing trends and examine how the sources of funds used, typ
CONTEXT: Metabolomics has the potential to generate biomarkers that can facilitate understanding relevant pathways in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: Nontargeted metabolomics was performed, via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, in a discovery case-cohort study from the Malmö Preventive Project (MPP), which consisted of 698 metabolically healthy participants, of whom
Combinations of Lewis acids and nucleophilic reagents trigger endo-opening of the furanoside ring of methyl furanosides 1, 10 and 13, resulting in the attachment of the nucleophilic group at C-1 of the carbohydrate. The stereoselectivity in the C-C bond-forming step is low for the 2-deoxyfuranosides but very high (dr 1:99) for the furanosides carrying a methoxy group in the 2-position when a combi
Background: There are currently no methods in clinical use that can detect early systemic dissemination of urothelial tumor cells. Objective: To evaluate measurement of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a biomarker for disseminated disease in patients with advanced bladder cancer. Design, setting, and participants: Between March 2013 and October 2015, 88 patients were prospectively included in the
The identity of the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that govern cancer stem cells remains poorly characterized. The MSI2 RBP is a central regulator of translation of cancer stem cell programs. Through proteomic analysis of the MSI2-interacting RBP network and functional shRNA screening, we identified 24 genes required for in vivo leukemia. Syncrip was the most differentially required gene between norm
The Vietnamese economy has by most standards performed very well over the last decade. For instance, economic growth has averaged around 8 per cent per year during the 1990s. The high growth rate has mainly been achieved through large increases in investment, and a large share of the investment has come from foreign sources. However, it is likely that the Asian crisis will lead to a significant re
BACKGROUND: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) has been suggested to cause exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. However, a case-control-based autopsy study failed to associate systemic sclerosis with any pancreatic histopathology. The primary objective of this study was to examine the exocrine pancreatic function in consecutive SSc patients in relation to an age- and sex-matched control group. A secondary objec
BackgroundThe incidence of community-acquired pleural empyema is increasing. Knowledge of the bacterial aetiology is important in order to base recommendations on empirical antimicrobial treatment. The primary aim of the present study was to describe the bacterial aetiology of adult patients with culture proven and/or 16S rRNA-positive community-acquired pleural infection.MethodsWe performed a ret
There is a popular discourse in Sweden describing student writing as defective. In the article, the writing part of the national test in Swedish for upper secondary school is analysed, in order to discuss the state and possible change of student writing. Student texts from 1976, 1986, 1996, 2005, and 2012 are investigated. Drawing on Hultman and Westman (1977), in the quantitative part nominality
Worldwide, information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly in the sense of digital literacy, are increasingly considered as both inevitable and indispensable parts of the school curriculum. Also, international student assessment studies like PISA have on several occasions assessed computer and information literacy. Additionally, classrooms, teaching and learning, as well as school a
Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed at the end of a prodrome of β-cell autoimmunity. The disease is most likely triggered at an early age by autoantibodies primarily directed against insulin or glutamic acid decarboxylase, or both, but rarely against islet antigen-2. After the initial appearance of one of these autoantibody biomarkers, a second, third, or fourth autoantibody against either islet antigen-
The role of the skin microbiota in human health is poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized a novel antioxidant enzyme produced by the skin microbiota, designated RoxP for radical oxygenase of Propionibacterium acnes. RoxP is uniquely produced by the predominant skin bacterium P. acnes, with no homologs in other bacteria; it is highly expressed and strongly secreted into culture su
The intestinal epithelium and underlying lamina propria contains large numbers of T cells that play an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and defense against intestinal pathogens. Recent years have seen several significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms regulating T-cell localization to the intestinal mucosa. For instance, we now know that the small intestine 'im
BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial dysfunction, accelerated thickening of arterial intima, and changes in ventricular repolarization contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Although vitamin C has important antioxidant functions and increased oxidative stress is a central mechanism of cardiovascular dysfunction in T1D, the relation between vitamin C and the cardiova
