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The energy system is undergoing significant changes and is expected to continue to evolve. Energy demand is anticipated to increase, as is renewable energy capacity, and technical solutions are advancing. For electrical power, traditionally centralized production is increasingly complemented by distributed production, transforming fundamental system functionality. These developing factors will aff
Electric power systems are undergoing huge changes due to the shift from conventional power production to more renewable-based generation like solar and wind. This is primarily driven by the need to mitigate climate change by reducing CO2 emissions. The shift to more generation from solar and wind will affect the dynamical behaviour of power systems, and consequently how they should be controlled.
Energy conversion devices such as alkaline membrane fuel cells and water electrolyzers rely critically on durable anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with high hydroxide conductivity. In this context, poly(arylene piperidinium)s have emerged as one of the top candidate materials. Here, we report on the preparation and properties of poly(arylene alkylene piperidinium)s (PAAPs) with significantly higher
nutrients Article Daily Intake of Milk Powder and Risk of Celiac Disease in Early Childhood: A Nested Case-Control Study Elin M. Hård af Segerstad 1, Hye-Seung Lee 2, Carin Andrén Aronsson 1 ID , Jimin Yang 2, Ulla Uusitalo 2, Ingegerd Sjöholm 3, Marilyn Rayner 3 ID , Kalle Kurppa 4, Suvi M. Virtanen 5, Jill M. Norris 6, Daniel Agardh 1,* ID and on behalf of the TEDDY Study Group 1 The Diabetes an
The paper reports on the bias stabilization of a 60-GHz resonant-tunneling diode (RTD)-based oscillator operated in pulsed mode. The oscillator contains an on-chip stabilizing capacitor, enabling the minimum dc consumption possible for such an RTD oscillator to be obtained, since all of the dc current is consumed by the active device. This is achieved without imposing restraints on the output powe
Present power system will face great challenges in several areas depending on the market economy, extensive global integration and constant need for more electric power, which will force the system to operate much closer to its stability limits. Meeting these challenges may involve improving and complementing or even total restructuring of the power systems.New technologies are emerging such as re
The implementation of the Biofuels Directive (2003/30/EC) in 25 member states is assessed here. Implementation problems are identified and analysed for the purpose of suggesting a way forward for biofuels policy in the European Union. Three main patterns are observed: effective implementation, formal compliance and weak implementation. Problems encountered in the policy process are both of a pract
Technology change will have a central role in achieving a sustainable energy system. This calls for methods of analysing the dynamics of energy systems in view of technology change and policy instruments for effecting and accelerating technology change. In this thesis, such methods have been developed, applied, and assessed. Two types of methods have been considered, methods of analysing and proje
Various Li compounds are commonly used at neutron facilities as neutron absorbers. These compounds provide one of the highest ratios of neutron attenuation to y- ray production. Unfortunately, the usage of these compounds can also give rise to fast neutron emission with energies up to almost 16 MeV. Historically, some details in this fast neutron production mechanism can be absent from some modeli
Inhalation as a method for drug delivery has been employed for more than 2000 years and serves many advantages for diseases in the respiratory tract, like cystic fibrosis and asthma. When administrating the drug directly to the respiratory tract it results in rapid effects and elimination of systemic side effects due to more targeted delivery. Dry powder inhalers (DPI) typically consist of the act
The lack of sources that generates intense THz pulses have in many years limited the field of THz science. Until recently intense THz pulses have been hard to generate using nonlinear crystals such as Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) with high efficiency. In this thesis a method is presented for achieving short and intense THz pulses through optical rectification using the recently developed tilted pulsef
In this thesis, a method for producing few-cycle short wavelength infrared pulses is presented. The pulses are created by down converting the 800 nm output of a Ti:Sapphire laser in an optical parametric amplifier to 1300 nm, and spectrally broadened in a hollow core fiber in order to obtain a short transform limited pulse duration. Further, they are to be compressed using the anomalous dispersion
In this work, we numerically study a self-guiding process in which ionization plays a dominant role and analyze its effect on high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gases. Although this type of self-guiding-termed "plasmacore- induced self-guiding" in previous works-limits the achievable cutoff by regulating the intensity of the laser beam, it provides favorable conditions for phase matching, whi
The Horizon 2020 project EuPRAXIA (European Plasma Research Accelerator with eXcellence In Applications) is producing a conceptual design report for a highly compact and cost-effective European facility with multi-GeV electron beams accelerated using plasmas. EuPRAXIA will be set up as a distributed Open Innovation platform with two construction sites, one with a focus on beam-driven plasma accele
