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The molecular basis of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID), one of the major hindrances in the current therapy for Parkinson's disease, is still unclear. We show that attenuation of cAMP signaling in the medium spiny neurons of the striatum, achieved by genetic inactivation of the dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32), reduces LID. We also show
Platelet activating factor (PAF) has been reported to produce a variety of airway effects including epithelial damage and increased airway-lung absorption of hydrophilic tracers. The present study examines effects of PAF on the guinea-pig tracheobronchial mucosa in vivo. Vehicle with and without PAF (4.0 and 8.0 nmol) was superfused onto the tracheobronchial mucosa. The levels of 125I-albumin, pre
Recent experiments at the CELSIUS storage ring of Uppsala, Sweden, have revealed the existence of high momentum transfer target-like fragments contrary to expectations. Recoiling heavy fragments in the reaction of 250 MCV/nucleon N-14 on Xe-131 have been measured at 10degrees with respect to the beam direction with specially designed recoil telescopes, Simulations with the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenb
Abstract in UndeterminedThe effects of harvesting on the long-term mass balances of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) were evaluated on a regional level in Sweden. A new high-resolution weathering database was used together with estimates of total deposition, losses through harvest and leaching. Estimates were made for pine and spruce separately and for two harvesting intensity scenar
Nonlinear harmonic generation can be a very useful and important phenomenon for single-pass free-electron lasers (FELs) operating in the high-gain regime. Strong bunching at the fundamental wavelength and its associated higher harmonic content allow significant radiation at shorter wavelengths to be emitted without serious effects upon the output power at the fundamental. Here, we analyze the rela
Background. We have previously found decreased serum levels of both ionized calcium and 1,25(OH)(2)D and an increase in serum phosphate levels at 1 year after hemithyroidectomy. However, basal and stimulated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretions were not altered. To investigate whether the observed biochemical changes after unilateral thyroid surgery may be due to a relative end-organ resistance to
The aim of this study was to identify ectomycorrhizal species with a potential to release elements from apatite and wood ash and accumulate them in the mycelia. Fungal rhizomorphs and mycelia were sampled from sand-filled mesh bags with or without amendment of apatite or wood ash. The mesh bags were buried in forest soil in the field for 13 or 24 months. Elemental composition of the samples was an
Background/Aims: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in pathologic remodelling and tissue repair processes in the heart. We investigated the effects of ET-1 on growth and collagen synthesis responses in cardiac fibroblasts isolated from human hearts. We also studied the receptor subtype(s) mediating such responses and the factors regulating their expression. Methods: Fibroblasts were isolated
Protein kinase B (PKB) has previously been shown to be activated in response to insulin and growth factor stimulation. The activation mechanism has been suggested to involve translocation of PKB to membranes, where it is phosphorylated and activated. Insulin-induced translocation of PKB has not been demonstrated in a physiological target cell. Therefore we have used the primary rat adipocyte to in
We have investigated the regulation of hormone secretion from rat pancreatic islets by the GABAB receptors (GABABRs). Inclusion of the specific GABABR antagonist CGP 55845 in the extracellular medium increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion 1.6-fold but did not affect the release of glucagon and somatostatin. Conversely, addition of the GABABR agonist baclofen inhibited glucose-stimulated in
Transgenic mice overexpressing growth hormone (GH) have been extensively used to study the chronic effects of elevated serum levels of GH. GH is known to have many acute effects in the liver, but little is known about the chronic effects of GH overexpression on hepatic gene expression. Therefore, we used DNA microarray to compare gene expression in livers from bovine GH (bGH)-transgenic mice and l
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species may be involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) staining, a marker of reductants which may be induced by free radicals such as superoxide, and catalase activity, as an indirect measure of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, were studied in the rat retina in three conditions kno
Starting from the German pitch peak timing categories and their communicative functions, it is asked how these functions would be expressed in South Swedish. The aim is to get a first impression as regards potentially relevant prosodic parameters associated with the expression of expected vs. unexpected information in South Swedish. For that, an interactive manipulation experiment is conducted, wh
Dynamic susceptibility-contrast (DSC) MRI requires deconvolution to retrieve the tissue residue function R(t) and the cerebral blood flow (CBF). In this study, deconvolution of time-series data was performed by wavelet-transform-based denoising combined with the Fourier transform (FT). Traditional FT-based deconvolution of noisy data requires frequency-domain filtering, often leading to excessive
We recorded and reviewed densities and basal areas of large living and dead trees in old-growth forest in Europe. Recorded densities were similar to those reported from old-growth forests in eastern North America, but lower than in northwestem North America. Based on our results we suggest that, 10-20 living trees per ha with dbh > 70 cm may have been typical values for many central European and s
A group of Swedish oncologists and hospital physicists have estimated the number of patients in Sweden suitable for proton beam therapy. The estimations have been based on current statistics of tumour incidence, number of patients potentially eligible for radiation treatment, scientific support from clinical trials and model dose planning studies and knowledge of the dose-response relations of dif
