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Deep cuts in carbon emissions to avoid dangerous climatic change will require fundamental transformations of the energy and transport systems. This is an enormous challenge for society and the political system. In order to tackle this challenge, we argue that it will be necessary to develop new institutions and institutional practices that address and give priority to long-term climate policy obje
The incretin hormones, glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), potentiate insulin secretion and are responsible for the majority of insulin secretion that occurs after a meal. They may also, however, have a fundamental role in pancreatic beta cell development and function, independently of their role in potentiating insulin secretion after a meal. Th
OBJECTIVE: On December 8-9, 2014, the Pennington Biomedical Research Center convened a scientific symposium to review the state-of-the-science and future directions for the study of developmental programming of obesity and chronic disease. The objectives of the symposium were to discuss: (i) past and current scientific advances in animal models, population-based cohort studies, and human clinical
Vineyard landscapes provide cultural ecosystem services (CES), which have been little studied in previous ecosystem services research. To fill this gap, we assess perspectives of wine producers and residents regarding CES provided by vineyards in two wine regions: Southeast England, an emerging wine area, and the counties of Sonoma and Napa, California (hereafter: Sonoma and Napa), a more traditio
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of infectious disease globally. Nasopharyngeal colonization occurs in biofilms and precedes infection. Prior studies have indicated that biofilm-derived pneumococci are avirulent. However, influenza A virus (IAV) infection releases virulent pneumococci from biofilms in vitro and in vivo. Triggers of dispersal include IAV-induced changes in the nasopharyn
Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is common after general anaesthesia, and corticosteroids are used in many protocols for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). However, surgical techniques are developing, and ERAS protocols need to be reevaluated from time to time. Patients and method: In this study, we compared the effects of oral vs. parenteral corticosteroid administration
The hormones insulin and glucagon both play important roles in the development of diabetes.
Substrate pH has been shown to be important for bryophyte distribution, although bryophytes are believed to obtain more or less all of their nutrients from rain water and deposition of airborn dust. In order to better understand bryophyte-pH relations we investigated pH ranges of bryophytes and bryophyte richness at different pH in southern Sweden. In addition, species turnover and critical pH val
Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed at the end of a prodrome of β-cell autoimmunity. The disease is most likely triggered at an early age by autoantibodies primarily directed against insulin or glutamic acid decarboxylase, or both, but rarely against islet antigen-2. After the initial appearance of one of these autoantibody biomarkers, a second, third, or fourth autoantibody against either islet antigen-
Rosuvastatin is a member of the statin family. Like the other statins it is prescribed to lower cholesterol levels and thereby reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Rosuvastatin lowers the cholesterol levels by inhibiting the key enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) in the cholesterol producing mevalonate pathway. It has been recognized that apart from their ben
The discovery that variants in the melatonin receptor 2 (MTNR1B) gene were associated with glucose levels, insulin secretion, and risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reinforced the previously suggested link between glucose homeostasis and circadian rhythmicity. Diurnal secretion of melatonin has reported to be altered in people with diabetes and rodent models o
Background and aims: Ca2+-induced exocytosis is essential for insulin to be secreted from beta-cells, and in islets from type-2 diabetic (T2D) donors the expression of several genes coding for exocytotic proteins is reduced. Largely this phenomenon cannot be explained by polymorphism; rather it is likely due to epigenetic factors like microRNAs (miRNAs). Indeed, previous studies have identified a
AIMS: Cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2) is a matricellular protein implicated in fibrotic diseases, with ongoing clinical trials evaluating anti-CCN2-based therapies. By uncovering CCN2 as abundantly expressed in non-diseased artery tissue, this study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that CCN2 plays a pivotal role in maintaining smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype and protection aga
CONTEXT: When clinically stable, patients with A-β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes (KPD) manifest unique markers of amino acid metabolism. Biomarkers differentiating KPD from type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) during hyperglycemic crises would accelerate diagnosis and management.OBJECTIVE: Compare serum metabolomics of KPD, T1D and T2D patients during hyperglycemic crises, and utilize Classification a
BackgroundAlkylresorcinols are a well-established biomarker for whole grain intake. There is evidence suggesting that total plasma alkylresorcinol concentration may also be used as a biomarker for gluten intake in adults.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate if total alkylresorcinol concentration is a valid biomarker for gluten intake in young children.MethodsNon-fasting plasma alkylresorc
As global climate change intensifies, the question of what makes a place habitable or uninhabitable is critical, particularly in the context of a potential future climate outside the realm of lived experience, and the possible concurrent redistribution of populations partly associated with such climatic shifts. The concept of habitability holds the potential for advancing the understanding of the
