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Huntington’s disease (HD) is a hereditary disorder characterized by personality changes, chorea, dementia and weight loss. The cause of this weight loss is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine body weight changes and weight-regulating factors in HD using the R6/2 mouse model as a tool. We found that R6/2 mice started losing weight at 9 weeks of age. Total locomotor activity was unaltered
We present a general framework for computing various optimal embeddings of undirected and directed connected graphs in two and multi-dimensional integer lattices in time sub-exponential either in the minimum number n of lattice points used by such optimal embeddings or in the budget upper bound b on the number of lattice points that may be used in an embedding. The sub-exponential upper bounds in
The role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized in dendritic spines has become a subject of intense interest because of its potential functions in local protein synthesis and signal transduction. Although it is recognized from electron microscopic studies that not all spines contain ER, little is know of its dynamic regulation or turnover. Here, we report a surprising degree of turnover of ER
Abstract Let μ be a finite positive measure on the closed disk D¯ in the complex plane, let 1 ≤ t < ∞, and let Pt(μ) denote the closure of the analytic polynomials in Lt(μ). We suppose that D is the set of analytic bounded point evaluations for Pt(μ), and that Pt(μ) contains no nontrivial characteristic functions. It is then known that the restriction of μ to ∂D must be of the
Purpose: To develop a completely automated method based on image processing techniques and artificial neural networks for the interpretation of combined [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) images for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Methods: A total of 87 patients who underwent PET/CT examinations due to suspected lung cancer comp
BACKGROUND: Inter-atrial conduction disturbance is associated with the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF), although little is known about the anatomy of the inter-atrial connections. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-seven hearts from in-hospital deaths were examined and stratified in two groups with regard to their history of AF. Measurements of atrial weight were performed after excising the atria a
An extensive set of water-H magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD) data are presented for aqueous agarose and gelatin gels. It is demonstrated that the EMOR model, which was developed in a companion paper to this study (see Halle, this issue), accounts for the dependence of the water-H spin-lattice relaxation rate on resonance frequency over more than four decades and on pH. The parameter values ded
Vacuum-assisted closure has been adopted as the first-line treatment for poststernotomy mediastinitis as a result of the excellent clinical outcome achieved with its use. Scientific evidence regarding the mechanisms by which vacuum-assisted closure promotes wound healing has started to emerge, although knowledge regarding the effects on heart and lung function is still limited. The organs in the m
European Americans are often treated as a homogeneous group, but in fact form a structured population due to historical immigration of diverse source populations. Discerning the ancestry of European Americans genotyped in association studies is important in order to prevent false-positive or false-negative associations due to population stratification and to identify genetic variants whose contrib
In order to reduce the effort of the controller design in the customized image convolution processor, a controller synthesis tool is developed based on [9] to support the design flow from a system or algorithm specification to RTL level VHDL. Architecture extensions to basic FSMs structures are implemented with the purpose of optimizing controller design for area and power consumption. Together wi
In ERP studies of adults, semantic incongruities elicit a, late negative response called the N400. Recently it was demonstrated that the amplitude of the N400 is sensitive to the organization of semantic categories in memory. The present study sought to investigate whether a similar incongruity response can be identified in children in their second year of life and whether this response is sensiti
A technique to determine which nutrients limit bacterial growth in soil was developed. The method was based on measuring the thymidine incorporation rate of bacteria after the addition of C, N, and P in different combinations to soil samples. First, the thymidine incorporation method was tested in two different soils: an agricultural soil and a forest humus soil. Carbon (as glucose) was found to b
The influence of choice of constitutive relation on the prediction of crack-opening stress for fatigue cracks using the finite-element method is investigated and compared with experimental results. Two different experimentally obtained stress–strain relations for IN718 at 550 °C were used for fitting material parameters to the linear kinematic and the Bodner–Partom viscoplastic constitutive models
Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive soft-tissue tumor that accounts for up to 10% of soft-tissue sarcomas. Cytogenetically, synovial sarcoma is characterized by the t(X;18)(p11;q11), found in more than 95% of the tumors. This translocation results in rearrangements of the SYT gene in 18q11 and one of the SSX1, SSX2, or SSX4 genes in Xp11, creating a SYT/SSX1, SYT/SSX2, or SYT/SSX4 chimeric gene. It
The clinical picture with its pathological correlate was analysed in 16 patients fulfilling consensus criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The cases were part of a larger cohort (n = 200) of patients within a prospective longitudinal study of dementing disorders. Six cases exhibited not only Lewy bodies (LBs) but also other brain pathologies such as Alzheimer changes, multiple infarcts or
