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Epigenetics may play a role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and increased DNA methylation of the metabolic master regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) has been reported in muscle and pancreatic islets from T2D patients and in muscle from individuals at risk of T2D. This study aimed to investigate DNA promoter methylation and gen
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a beta cell hormone secreted together with insulin upon glucose stimulation. IAPP participates in normal glucose regulation, but IAPP is also known for its ability to misfold and form islet amyloid. Amyloid fibrils form through smaller cell toxic intermediates and deposited amyloid disrupts normal islet architecture. Even though IAPP and amyloid formation are mu
Specialist plant species in calcareous sandy grasslands are threatened by acidification and high nutrient levels in the topsoil. We investigated whether topsoil removal and soil perturbation in degraded sandy grasslands could lead to establishment of specialist species belonging to the threatened xeric sand calcareous grassland habitat. Restoration actions performed in 2006 resulted in increased s
Cities are crucial to mitigating climate change and can serve as sites for innovations, providing examples of ways to conduct effective politics in transport, energy and land-use. What does it take to become a model for climate politics? This article argues that a few innovative measures will not suffice. A common vision based on broad legitimacy is crucial to achieving this position. Using a theo
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Phytoestrogens are estradiol-like natural compounds found in plants that have been associated with protective effects against chronic diseases, including some cancers, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to estimate the dietary intake of phytoestrogens, identify their food sources and their association with lifestyle factors in the Europea
Insulin secretion is coupled with changes in beta-cell metabolism. To define this process, 195 putative metabolites, mitochondrial respiration, NADP(+), NADPH and insulin secretion were measured within 15 mm of stimulation of clonal INS-1 832/13 beta-cells with glucose. Rapid responses in the major metabolic pathways of glucose occurred, involving several previously suggested metabolic coupling fa
Hypoxia has occurred intermittently over the Holocene in the Baltic Sea, but the recent expansion from less than 10 000 km(2) before 1950 to > 60 000 km(2) since 2000 is mainly caused by enhanced nutrient inputs from land and atmosphere. With worsening hypoxia, the role of sediments changes from nitrogen removal to nitrogen release as ammonium. At present, denitrification in the water column and s
Introduction: Equity in access to and utilization of health services is a common goal of policy-makers in most countries. The current study aimed to evaluate the distribution of need and access to health care services among Iran's rural population between 2006 and 2009. Methods: Census data on population's characteristics in each province were obtained from the Statistical Centre of Iran and Natio
Lipid A (a hexaacylated 1,4' bisphosphate) is a potent immune stimulant for TLR4/MD-2. Upon lipid A ligation, the TLR4/MD-2 complex dimerizes and initiates signal transduction. Historically, studies also suggested the existence of TLR4/MD-2-independent LPS signaling. In this article, we define the role of TLR4 and MD-2 in LPS signaling by using genome-wide expression profiling in TLR4- and MD-2-de
Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ, värderande fallstudie som syftar till att utvärdera International Criminal Tribunal of the former Yugoslavias arbete och försoningsprocessen i Bosnien-Hercegovina. Efter ett krig fyllt av illdåd och folkmord blev det upp till tribunalen ICTY att försöka få de tre etniska parterna att nå försoning genom legal rättvisa. Men vägen till försoning i Bosnien-Hercegovina är sv
This paper focuses on measurement methods of credit risk. By modeling credit default swap spreads and predicting possible defaults of corporations with the use of default probabilities this paper makes the search for consistent methods to measure and manage risk by constructing plausible forecasts of contingent corporate defaults. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize advantages and disadvanta
Previous research has found clear spatial patterns of agricultural supply, both in pre-industrial Europe (Grantham 1978; Grantham 1989; Kopsidis 2009) and in the less developed countries of today (Benziger 1996; Stifel & Minten 2008). The spatial structure of farming intensity is mainly attributed to the declining net-returns with the distance from the market. This paper examines the impact of
Repatriation has been proclaimed as the important right of an individual to go back home and returnees are often seen as substantial force for development and reconstruction of their home countries. It is assumed that once the reasons that force people to flee are eliminated, people will want to return back. There is a separate repatriation program in Sweden that aims to support those who decide t
This thesis will study the notions of governance and corruption and thereby apply it to the case of Jamaica in order to understand how political corruption weakens the country´s governmental legitimacy and principles of democracy. Seeing that corruption is a symbol for the disintegration of state power, it is argued that corruption distorts development of political, social and economic institution
This thesis researches the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union and its effect on the cooperation of the EU states in the United Nations General Assembly. Building on former studies concerning a similar research area, the goal of this thesis is twofold. One the one hand, it aims to empirically investigate the coordination of the EU states on the international stage, usin
Following the national responsibility theory in the school of international society which argues that national interest drives a state’s foreign policy, this thesis first attempts to deconstruct China’s foreign direct investment (FDI) in Myanmar since 2004 by picking apart and manipulating financial data in order to determine the resulting trends and developments. It then analyzes how Myanmar’s ab
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze if and how globalization has a significant impact on nationalism. Therefore two dimensions of globalization are distinguished, political and economic globalization. Nationalism is analyzed as a feeling of superiority of the own nation. In order to test the impact a multilevel model using survey data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) from
The Troubles in Northern Ireland have played a prominent part in modern European history. Despite the success of the Peace Process in the 1990s and subsequent stabilisation of the conflict through the introduction of power-sharing and paramilitary decommissioning of weapons, tensions still dominate the province. This thesis uses the Copenhagen School of Security Studies to investigate processes of
From its beginnings in 2001, the World Social Forum (WSF) has gained notice as a manifestation of ‘grassroots globalization.’ Is this new political formation of transnational activists an open space for organizations to gather, or does it constitute a social movement itself? The present study examines this debate among analysts and participants, using ethnographic data collected via participant-ob
