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Arid soils in Egypt display large variability in solute transport properties, causing problems in soil management. To characterize this variability, dye infiltration experiments were conducted on four plots representing three main soil types in northeastern Egypt. The plots represented both cultivated and uncultivated land use. The observed dye patterns displayed a large variability and especially

Aims: Objectives were (a) to estimate healthcare cost and productivity losses due to smoking in Sweden 2001 and (b) to compare the results with studies for Sweden 1980, Canada 1991, Germany 1996, and the USA 1998. Methods: Published estimates on relative risks and Swedish smoking patterns were used to calculate attributable risks for smokers and former smokers. These were applied to cost estimates

The construction sector has been criticised in recent years for being inefficient. The critique involved describes finished buildings as having flaws and there being a lack of interest within the construction sector in assembling knowledge and sharing experience. The construction industry has started working with questions of how efficiency can be increased by reducing the errors made. Knowledge

In our previous studies we have used electrolytic conductivity detection (ELCD) in the selective analysis of chlorinated fatty acids in marine samples. In order to determine the chlorinated fatty acids quantitatively, we studied the ELCD response factors (RFs) of chlorinated fatty acids and compared them with those of other chlorinated compounds. We also studied the effect of reactor temperature a

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ämnen i bröstmjölk kan få cancerceller att begå självmord - in vivo effekter och mekanismer för celldöd Sedan länge är det känt att bröstmjölk skyddar det ammande barnet mot infektioner och hjälper till att bygga upp des's immunförsvar. Ett skyddande ämne som kan bilda's av molekyler från bröstmjölk är HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cell's), som kHAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells), a molecular complex derived from human milk, is an interesting new tool in cancer research since it induces programmed cell death in tumor cells while leaving normal, differentiated cells unharmed. The in vivo effects of HAMLET were studied in a rat xenograft model of human glioblastoma. HAMLET reduced the tumor volume and delayed the o

Superporous agarose beads contain two sets of pores, diffusion pores and so-called superpores or flow pores, in which the chromatographic flow can transport substances to the interior of each individual bead [Gustavsson and Larsson, J. Chromatogr. A 734 (1996) 231]. The existence of pore flow may be proven indirectly by the chromatographic performance of beads but it has never been directly demons

Popular Abstract in Swedish Det finns tre muskeltyper i människokroppen; skelettmuskler, hjärtmuskler och glatta muskler. Skelettmusklerna är de muskler som gör att vi kan röra oss och andas (mellangärdesmuskeln är en skelettmuskel). Hjärtmuskelcellerna är de som gör att hjärtat slår. Den glatta muskulaturen finns på många ställen i kroppen (t.ex. i blodkärl, luftvägar och livmoder) och utför mångThis thesis examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the large diversity of the contractile properties in smooth muscle. Six studies, I-VI, are included. I: a slow smooth muscle (aorta) has a different nucleotide and phosphate dependence compared to a fast type (taenia coli). A slow ADP-release can be one mechanism responsible for the lower shortening velocity of aorta. II: treat

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vi blir alla förkylda, får influensa eller magsjuka någon gång då och då. Smittsamma sjukdomar orsakas av patogener, d.v.s. virus, bakterier eller andra typer av parasiter. De flesta patogener som vi kommer i kontakt med tas om hand av vårt effektiva immunförsvar och vi märker i bästa fall inte av smittan. Huruvida vi blir sjuka eller inte när vi utsätts för smitta, berThe Major Histocompatibility Complex (Mhc) genes are crucial for the recognition of self and non-self peptides by the immune defence system. They are extremely variable in most studied vertebrate species. I have studied the extent and the importance of Mhc variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), mainly from the Baltic Sea. Levels of Mhc heterozygosity in hatchery populations of salmon were bet

Popular Abstract in Swedish I detta doktorandprojekt har ett antal nya syntesmetoder utvecklats och studerats. En stor del av avhandlingen fokuserar kring införandet av en allylisk grupp i aromatiska föreningar. Allylaromatiska substanser är utmärkta startmaterial i syntesen av föreningar avsedda att användas som kontrastmedel för röntgen. Ett stort antal allylaromatiska substanser med varierande A new method for allylation of aromatic systems has been developed. A number of arylamines were converted via diazotization to the corresponding allylaromatic compounds using tert-butyl nitrite and an excess of allylic bromides with complete regioselectivity. Electron-withdrawing groups, in the aromatic moiety, were necessary to obtain good yields. The convenient experimental procedure allowed the

The distribution of Caloplaca bassiae, C. cinnabarina and C. cupulifera occurring on the Australian continent is discussed. These species have different ways of reproduction with isidia, soredia or with ascospores. The fertile species, Caloplaca cinnabarina, is the most widely spread. Distribution maps for Australia and the world are provided.

Adsorption dynamics of various types of uncharged homopolymers onto solid surfaces in good solvent have been studied by using a coarse grained bead-spring model. Brownian dynamics simulation has been used to examine the adsorption process for polymers released near an adsorbing surface, and Monte Carlo simulations have been employed to explore equilibrium properties of adsorbed polymers. Two diff

The goal of these studies has been to elucidate the biological relevance of post-translational modifications in the context of a living organism. The model system used is photoreceptor differentiation during development of the compound eye in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Important signal transduction pathways in this process consist of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) coupled to a mitoge

Popular Abstract in Swedish I vår kropp pågår ständigt interaktioner mellan olika molekyler. Det är dessa interaktioner som styr hur vi mår och vad som händer i kroppen. Många av dessa interaktioner är svaga, vilket gör att det krävs många sådana interaktioner samtidigt för att uppnå effekt. Svaga interaktioner är snabba och reversibla, vilket betyder att kroppen snabbt kan anpassa sig efter nya fAn increase in the plasma level of creatine kinase MB (CKMB) has long been used to indicate acute myocardial infarction (AMI). For optimal treatment an early diagnosis is important. An increase in the ratio between the two isoforms of CKMB is seen much earlier than an increase in the total level of CKMB. One possible method for separating these isoforms could be weak affinity chromatography (WAC).

Popular Abstract in Swedish Gummi är inte enbart olinjärt elastiskt, det är också beroende av töjningshastighet och töjningsamplitud. Kombinationen av de olinjära elastiska egenskaperna och amplitudberoendet behandlas av de modeller som föreslås i avhandlingen. Modellerna är utformade så att de snabbt ska kunna implementeras i industrin.Rubber is not only a non-linear elastic material, it is also dependent on strain rate, temperature and strain amplitude. The non-linear elastic property and the strain amplitude dependence give a non-linear dynamic behavior that is covered by the models suggested in this thesis. The focus is on a finite element procedure for modelling these dynamic properties of rubber in a way that is easy to ado

OBJECTIVE: To compare survival of patients with breast cancer who had never smoked, were smokers, and who were ex-smokers. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: City of Malmo, Sweden. PATIENTS: 792 patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 1977-1986 in the Malmo mammographic screening trial. INTERVENTIONS: Follow-up of breast cancer cases through record-linkage with the Swedish Cause of Death

Popular Abstract in Swedish Tre-dimensionell ultraljudsundersökning av livmodertappen (cervix) Syftet med avhandlingen var att utvärdera förändringar i livmodertappen (cervix) med tre-dimensionellt ultraljud och utreda om tre-dimensionellt power Doppler ultraljud kan förutsäga tiden till spontan eller inducerad förlossning hos överburna, gravida kvinnor. Avhandlingen baseras på fem studier: reprThe aim of this thesis was to evaluate cervical physiological changes by three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound during pregnancy and to investigate the ability of 3D power Doppler to predict time to spontaneous and induced delivery in prolonged pregnancy. The thesis is based on five studies: reproducibility of cervical measurements by 3D power Doppler ultrasound (study I), reference data representativ

Let c(x) = inf {t > 0: Q(t) greater than or equal to x} be the time of first overflow of a queueing process 1001 over level x (the buffer size) and Z = P(T(X) less than or equal to T). Assuming that {Q(t)) is the reflected version of a Levy process {X(t)} or a Markov additive process, we study a variety of algorithms for estimating z by simulation when the event {tau(X) less than or equal to T} is