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Objective: To investigate the effect of gut microbiota and diet on atherogenesis. Approach and Results: Here, we investigated the interaction between the gut microbiota and diet on atherosclerosis by feeding germ-free or conventionally raised Apoe−/− mice chow or Western diet alone or supplemented with choline (which is metabolized by the gut microbiota and host enzymes to trimethylamine N-oxide)
Four groups of eight newborn calves were used to study the intestinal transmission of colostral immunoglobulin from the intestinal lumen to the blood circulation. The first feed was given one, eight, 16 or 24 hours after birth. Thereafter, three feeds were given with eight hour intervals. All feeds were from the same pool of colostrum and the amount fed each time corresponded to 3 per cent of the
CysK1 and CysK2 are two members of the cysteine/S-sulfocysteine synthase family in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, responsible for the de novo biosynthesis of L-cysteine, which is subsequently used as a building block for mycothiol. This metabolite is the first line defense of this pathogen against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species released by host macrophages after phagocytosis. In a previous medi
Introduction: Complicated perianal disease (cPD) may be the sole presentation of Crohn’s disease (CD). The role of small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) in the diagnostic algorithm of cPD is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the role of SBCE as a diagnostic tool, in patients with cPD, after a negative standard workup for CD. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study, in patients with
A ground-breaking empirical valence bond study for a soluble transition-metal complex is presented. The full reaction of catalyst monomers approaching and reacting in the RuV oxidation state were studied. Analysis of the solvation shell in the reactant and along the reaction coordinate revealed that the oxo itself is hydrophobic, which adds a significant driving force to form the dimer. The effect
In recent times, the philosophy of science has been reinvigorated by insights from the biological and cognitive sciences. These disciplines have provided not only new perspectives to approach traditional philosophical problems but have also opened the way to new conceptual and methodological questions that call for new and innovative solutions.This book brings together some of the main debates tha
SignificanceThe spatial distribution of the photosensitizing drug concentration is an important parameter for predicting the photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcome. Current diffuse fluorescence tomography methods lack accuracy in quantifying drug concentration. The development of accurate methods for monitoring the temporal evolution of the drug distribution in tissue can advance the real-time light d
Tool wear intensity is one of the major performance and economic indicators of metal cutting processes. Understanding and control of tool wear and its governing mechanisms enables effective and sustainable manufacturing. Known wear mechanisms include abrasive, adhesive, chemical and diffusional, where their individual or combined action leads to an overall tool degradation. In this study, we prese
This article describes the phonetic characteristics of the most common vocalisation types and subtypes in the domestic cat: the meow, the trill, the howl, the growl, the hiss (and the spit), the snarl (and the cry), the purr, the chirp and the chatter. In addition, the contexts where the different sounds are normally produced, and accompanying body postures and movements are summarised. Acoustic d
Several important technical properties of spray-dried food powders depend on particle-liquid interactions (e.g. wettability, dispersability) and particle-particle interactions (e.g. flowability). It can be assumed that the chemical composition of the surface layer of the particles to a large extent determine these properties. The present study has been aimed to investigate the relation between the
In this article I look at two works by Swedish video artist Lina Selander and explore how underlying visual patterns unfold in these works that are connected to certain worldly phenomena. Borrowing from Jacques Derrida, I describe the tendency of being en mal d'archive as an obsession to structure the world into particular recognizable patterns. I argue that Selander's works can be understood as t
Non-aqueous precipitating amine systems for carbon capture allows for CO2 desorption at lower temperatures than conventional aqueous amine systems and can potentially reduce the energy requirement for regeneration. In this work, the influence of water accumulation that may arise from humid gases entering the absorption column was investigated for absorption systems containing 2-amino-2-methyl-1-pr
Transition metal complexes play a crucial role in solar energy conversion. These coordination compounds have promising applications in dye-sensitized solar cells and photocatalysis, with particular interest in solar fuel production. However, many of the photoactive transition metal complexes used in light-harvesting applications are still based on rare and expensive metals from the transition meta
The size tunable color of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is probably the most elegant illustration of the quantum confinement effect. As explained by the simple “particle-in-a-box” model, the transition energies between the levels increase when the “box” becomes smaller. To investigate quantum confinement effects, typically a well-defined narrow size distribution of the nanoparticles i
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to progressive disability. Cost studies have mainly explored the early stages of the disease, whereas late-stage patients are underrepresented. Objective: The aim is to evaluate the resource utilization and costs of PD management in people with late-stage disease. Methods: The Care of Late-Stage Parkinsonism (CLaSP) stu
The well-known green color of plants is due to the chlorophyll molecules used for light harvestingduring photosynthesis, which takes place in chloroplasts. Biosynthesis of chlorophyll a is performed by15 enzymatic steps and chlorophyll a can be interconverted to chlorophyll b via the chlorophyll cycle.Barley is a valuable model organism for studying chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynth
The freedoms of thought (and opinion) are considered as absolute rights within the human rights law framework. Though found in separate provisions within the human rights instruments, the content and contours of these freedoms are largely interchangeable and overlap. The freedom of thought (and opinion) consists of three elements, namely, that thoughts and opinions can be kept private; thoughts ca
A crucial aspect of adding an economical and environmental dimension to the upgrading of bio-oils is to develop catalysts with enhanced and prolonged activity. In the present study, the effect of doping δ-alumina (Al2O3) with oxides of cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La) before thermal treatment was investigated. The performance of such an Al2O3-supported nickel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) catalyst was evaluate
