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The term Anthropocene denotes a new geological epoch characterized by the unprecedented impact of human activities on the Earth’s ecosystems. While the natural sciences have advanced their understanding of the drivers and processes of global change considerably over the last two decades, the social sciences lag behind in addressing the fundamental challenge of governance and politics in the Anthro
Problems related to content of fat, oil and grease (FOG) in wastewater is an increasing problem in Sweden. FOG can cause clogging in the sewage system and subsequent flooding and disturbance of processes in waste water treatment plants. The problem has previously been mostly been related to release of large quantities of FOG from restaurants and large scale industries which has caused problems in
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling beskriver tillverkning av partiklar av metaller och halvledare samt dessas användning i nya typer av elektroniska komponenter och nanostrukturer. Partiklarna tillverkas med aerosolteknik, dels med kända metoder och dels med nyutvecklade. Partiklarna är mellan 5 och 80 nanometer (miljarddels meter) i diameter, och deras bildning, struktur och sammansättnAerosol technology was used to develop new methods for fabrication of size-selected, nanometer-sized particles of metals and semiconductors. Such particles were used to realize different types of quantum devices and nanometer-sized structures. The thesis contains an introduction, five papers on particle fabrication, and five papers on particle-based quantum devices. Size-selected gallium and indi
Given the increasing interest in the association between exposure to air pollution and adverse health outcomes, the development of models that provide accurate spatio-temporal predictions of air pollution concentrations at small spatial scales is of great importance when assessing potential health effects of air pollution. The methodology presented here has been developed as part of the Multi-Ethn
Popular Abstract in Swedish När en kärlskada uppstår måste skadan repareras innan alltför mycket blod hinner lämna blodbanan. Kärlet självt kan dra ihop sig till viss del för att minska blodflödet. Vid kärlskadan exponeras strukturer som normalt inte skall ha kontakt med blodet, en sådan struktur är t.ex. ämnet kollagen. Till kollagenet binds blodplättar (trombocyter) som tillfälligt täpper till sThe investigations presented in this thesis have evaluated different strategies to prevent thrombosis in an experimental model of deep arterial injury in rats. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is often used to prevent thrombosis in microvascular surgery and in other vascular interventions, but a major drawback of UFH is increased bleeding. In the first paper the low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) da
Monodisperse short-chain amorphous or semicrystalline amylose-glycerol monostearate (GMS) complexes, or, as a reference, pure GMS, were added to starch dispersions which were gelatinized and allowed to cool. The largest impacts on rheological properties were observed when GMS or amorphous GMS complexes were added. The controlled release of the short amylose chains of the latter induced double heli
Motivation: The question of how to best use information from known associated variants when conducting disease association studies has yet to be answered. Some studies compute a marginal P-value for each Several Nucleotide Polymorphisms independently, ignoring previously discovered variants. Other studies include known variants as covariates in logistic regression, but a weakness of this standard
The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study prospectively follows 8,677 children enrolled from birth, who carry HLA-susceptibility genotypes for development of islet autoantibodies (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). During the median follow-up time of 57 months, 350 children developed at least one persistent IA (GADA, IA-2A or mIAA) and 84 of them progressed to T1D. We genot
Insights from prospective, longitudinal studies of individuals at risk for developing type 1 diabetes have demonstrated that the disease is a continuum that progresses sequentially at variable but predictable rates through distinct identifiable stages prior to the onset of symptoms. Stage 1 is defined as the presence of β-cell autoimmunity as evidenced by the presence of two or more islet autoanti
Exome sequencing studies in complex diseases are challenged by the allelic heterogeneity, large number and modest effect sizes of associated variants on disease risk and the presence of large numbers of neutral variants, even in phenotypically relevant genes. Isolated populations with recent bottlenecks offer advantages for studying rare variants in complex diseases as they have deleterious varian
Energy-dense diets that are high in fat are associated with a risk of metabolic diseases. The underlying molecular mechanisms could involve epigenetics, as recent data show altered DNA methylation of putative type 2 diabetes candidate genes in response to high-fat diets. We examined the effect of a short-term high-fat overfeeding (HFO) diet on genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in human skeletal
Popular Abstract in Swedish Under de senaste åren har nödvändigheten att ta hänsyn till utsatta grupper i den svenska befolkningen och deras varierande behov lyfts fram i rapporter och utredningar om utformningen av vård och rehabilitering av äldre. En sådan utsatt grupp är äldre teckenspråkliga döva. Svårigheten att kommunicera, i kombination med åldersrelaterade sjukdomar, funktionsbegränsningarVery little is known about the consequences of aging and the wellbeing of deaf sign language users. This thesis contributes to filling this knowledge gap. The overarching aim was to gain further understanding and to increase the knowledge about quality of life, in terms of subjective wellbeing and health, activity and social contacts, among older deaf sign language users. After having established
There are few investigations of the type and the outcome of interventions aimed at supporting nurses caring for psychiatric patients. Therefore a prepost-test design study was used in which 22 psychiatric nurses, on a general psychiatric ward were examined before, during and after one year of systematic clinical supervision combined with supervised documented, planned, individualized care. The met
In laser-assisted combustion diagnostics it is a recurring task to predict molecular transitions whose signal strength depends only weakly on variations in temperature. The signal strength is proportional to the Boltzmann fraction of the level probed and the amplitude of the absorption line profile. In the past investigations have been presented in which this task was attack by detailed numerical
Background: This study examines Swedish young adults (age 21) with a history of conduct disorder (CD) in adolescence. Research has established CD as a condition for a range of adverse outcomes. Intelligence, aggression, parent-child conflict, parent-child relation and peer-rejection are known factors influencing the outcome. Aim: The aim of this longitudinal study is to find how self-confidence an
