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There is a large interest in predicting high-pressure homogenizer (HPH) valve hydrodynamics using CFD, in academic research and industrial R&D. Most of these studies still use two-equation RANS turbulence models, whereas only a few have used LES formulations. From a theoretical perspective, LES is known to be more accurate than RANS, especially in terms of estimating the dissipation rate of tu
In this thesis, a convolutional neural network is used to model the behaviour of individual vehicles on a stretch of the U.S. 101 highway during rush hour. This model is then extended to model the collective behaviour of all vehicles on the stretch of road and a 15 minute simulation is carried out. Using an initial vehicle layout, images displaying the position of nearby vehicles and information o
Alternative fuels for combustion engines are becoming increasingly popular as society is pushing to phase out fossil energy to reduce CO2 emissions. The compression ignition (CI) engine has a high overall efficiency which makes it a valuable option for the transport fleet, despite the well known NOx and soot pollutants it emits. These two pollutants are emitted due to a combination of high local c
The molybdenum cofactor is an important cofactor, and its biosynthesis is essential for many organisms, including humans. Its basic form comprises a single molybdopterin (MPT) unit, which binds a molybdenum ion bearing three oxygen ligands via a dithiolene function, thus forming Mo-MPT. In bacteria, this form is modified to form the bis-MPT guanine dinucleotide cofactor with two MPT units coordina
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by various Clostridium strains, are a family of potent bacterial toxins and potential bioterrorism agents. Here we report that an Enterococcus faecium strain isolated from cow feces carries a BoNT-like toxin, designated BoNT/En. It cleaves both VAMP2 and SNAP-25, proteins that mediate synaptic vesicle exocytosis in neurons, at sites distinct from known BoNT
