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In both Stockholm and Tokyo, small dwell time delays of at most 5 min make up around 90% of the total delays for commuter trains. To understand these disturbances, we use high resolution data on dwell times and passenger counts from both countries over the last several years. We find that trains in Tokyo are much more congested than in Stockholm, and that the exchange of passengers is modest at mo

Potassium and chlorine chemistry at high temperature is of great importance in biomass utilization through thermal conversion. In well-defined hot environments, we performed quantitative measurements of main potassium species, i.e., potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium chloride (KCl) and K atoms, and the important radical OH. The concentrations of KOH, KCl and OH radicals were measured through a n

Structured laser illumination planar imaging (SLIPI)-based techniques have been employed during the past decade for addressing multiple light scattering issues in spray imaging. In this article, SLIPI droplet sizing based on the intensity ratio of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) over Mie scattering (SLIPI-LIF/Mie) and SLIPI-Scan for extinction-coefficient (μe) mapping are applied simultaneously.

The present work details a study of the 3D-modeling of dual-fuel engines, with a specific focus on medium speed marine engines. These operate under the fumigated approach, which means that the second fuel, which replaces most of the diesel fuel, is added in the intake duct. This type of engine requires the least amount of modifications to the current medium speed diesel engine and is therefore an

The Damages Directive has been celebrated as a milestone for the private enforcement of EU competition law. The Directive harmonises national procedural laws and aims to facilitate full compensation for damages occurred as a result of competition law violations. At the same time, US and EU businesses more frequently use contractual clauses that might present obstacles in obtaining compensation. Re

A model is presented that describes the reemergence of parent spruce bark beetles, Ips typographus, based on breeding density and temperature conditions. Laboratory data obtained at one constant temperature provide the distribution of reemergence time and different combinations of threshold temperatures and degreedays (°D) at mean reemergence. Of these combinations, 167.71 °D above 7.5 °C gave the

Background: As tumors maintain an inflammatory microenvironment, anti-inflammatory medication can be useful in cancer therapy. We have previously shown an association with improved survival in melanoma for use of the H1-antihistamines desloratadine and loratadine, and here we examine use of H1-antihistamines and breast cancer mortality.Material and methods: We investigated use of the six major H1-

Seawater desalination constitutes an important source for water supply to the population bordering the Arabian Gulf, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Red Sea. Desalination has advantages and disadvantages which may depend on the region, location, technology, impact and amount of fresh water production. Desalination may also have other impacts. For example, chemicals added in the pre-treatment stages

In this paper we provide a counterpoint to conventional views on integrative reviews in knowledge development, as exemplified by Elsbach and Van Knippenberg (2020). First, we critique their proposed integrative review by identifying and problematizing several key assumptions underlying it, particularly their idea that the integrative review can simply build on existing studies and lead the way to

Objective: To develop and externally validate prediction models for incident hand osteoarthritis (OA) in a large population-based cohort of middle aged and older men and women. Design: We included 17,153 men and 18,682 women from a population-based cohort, aged 35–70 years at baseline (1995–1997). Incident hand OA were obtained from diagnostic codes in the Norwegian National Patient Register (1995

Humor is essential to social life, but it is often overlooked in the study of crime and other social problems. We introduce and make use of humor theory, emphasizing the theories of superiority and relief. Based on interviews with incarcerated men, we demonstrate how humor is used to criticize authorities, for self-aggrandizement, and to alleviate the pain of tragic experiences. Funny remarks and

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the most potent toxins known, are potential bioterrorism agents. It is well established that all seven serotypes of BoNTs (BoNT/A-G) require complex gangliosides as co-receptors. Here, we report that BoNT/DC, a presumed mosaic toxin between BoNT/D and BoNT/C1, binds and enters efficiently into neurons lacking complex gangliosides and shows no reduction in toxicity in

The new di- and tetranuclear Fe(III) μ-oxido complexes [Fe 4 (μ-O) 4 (PTEBIA)

Aims of the study: Neurological impairment after resuscitated cardiac arrest (CA) remains a significant unmet medical need. Brain ischemia associated with CA and subsequent reperfusion is evident as two fundamentally different types of damage on neuropathological examination: frank necrosis (involving all cell types) and selective eosinophilic neuronal death (SEND). These types of damage are not o

The differences between two standard Monte Carlo models, LEPTO and ARIADNE, for deep inelastic scattering at small-χ is analysed in detail. It is shown that the difference arises from a 'unorthodox' suppression factor used in ARIADNE which replaces the normal ratio of parton densities. This gives rise to a factor that qualitatively is similar to what one would expect from BFKL dynamics for some ob

PIXE is nowadays a routine analytical technique in the study of atmospheric aerosols. If it aspires to continue to be so in the future, it will have to compete with a range of other powerful analytical techniques, and outperform them in some respect. It will be shown how PIXE can indeed play an important role in future studies of atmospheric aerosols. For clarification, two concrete examples will