Filtyp
Several ligands based upon 2-substituted bicyclic[2.2.2]octane-2,6-diols (BODOLs) were synthesized and evaluated in two catalytic reactions: I) the Ti(IV)-mediated catecholborane asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones and II) as catalysts in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes. The ligands were prepared by baker's yeast mono-reduction of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,6-dione,
Policies based upon Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) aim to reduce the environmental impacts of products by inducing design changes, by way of an extension of producer’s responsibility. Since the early 1990s, a number of countries have EPR-based policies related to end-of-life management of selected product groups. The incorporation of incentive mechanisms for design change in an EPR program
This paper presents new methods trellis source coding at rates above and below one. The new schemes have in common a code design based on branch correlation, a large reproducer alphabet, and an encoder based on either the Viterbi algorithm or a tailbiting MAP technique. The methods are easily adapted to various bit rates, but here only the results for R = 2 and R = 1/2 bits per source sample are p
Prepared under the framework of the European Cluster Alliance (ECA), the report provides an overview of existing good practice examples of different tools and analytical methods used during the cluster-making process. The report is based on the results of an international survey of experts working in the field, and the outcomes of a workshop organised in Copenhagen in September 2008. A number of
The latest long-term plan for science and technology reflects China’s determination both to overcome growing domestic social and environmental problems through technology and to become a world leader in innovation. This latest fifteen-year plan presents no radical departure from earlier strategies and continues to define policymaking by Beijing’s strong belief that innovation can be “decreed” top-
The 2008–2009 global financial crisis triggered ‘Green Energy Economy’ (GEE) policy packages to stimulate green growth in many countries. China soon became a leader and, supported by its 11th Five-Year Plan (2006–2010), devoted approximately one-third of its US$ 647 billion stimulus package to green energy technologies. Since then, numerous policy instruments have been implemented to encourage ‘Gr
Advances in scheduling theory have given designers of control systems greater flexibility over their choice of timing requirements. This could lead to systems becoming more responsive and more maintainable. However, experience has shown that engineers find it difficult to exploit these advantages due to the difficulty in determining the “real” timing requirements of systems and therefore the techn
The performance of an iris recognition system depends greatly on how well the iris segmentation part of the system performs its task. The performance of an iris segmenta- tion algorithm can be evaluated using different criteria and methods. Some of the methods evaluate the performance of the segmentation algorithm based on the performance of the whole iris recognition system. Other methods evaluat
This paper presents the findings from a design study of a model-based framework for safety-critical software development, called SimPal. The objective of the study was to better understand the necessary properties of such a framework and to learn more about the challenges of realizing it. Our research approach can be labeled as design research, which means that we try to answer our research questi
We have successfully embedded a metal gate in-between two resonant tunneling double barrier heterostructures (RTD), thus realizing a three dimensional resonant tunneling transistor. The gate is placed 30 nm above and 100 below the two RTD's, respectively. The asymmetric gate allows for a unique control of the current-voltage characteristics, not only controlling the peak current but also the peak
When adapting environments for the physically disabled, it is important to encourage and activate not only the person concerned, but also other people involved or affected. A computer aided planning tool has been developed to support the participation of all persons involved, as well as supporting the planner’s (e.g. an occupational therapist) design of the environment. The prototype development a
