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The most common modules for ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) are spiral wound elements due to their low investment, easy replacement and high packing density. Operating at high temperatures greater than 70°C, the use of spiral wound modules is, however, often limited. In the past ceramic membranes have been considered as the only viable option to operate at these temperatures. Howev

Water scarcity is a consequence of complex interactions between water access and water use. In fact, the time period over which precipitation deficit accumulates is a determing factor for the occurrence of drought. Drought induces crop production losses and far-reaching societal effects. In the South American Altiplano, drought is a major hazard. Here, drought leads to food shortages, malnutrition

We discuss some aspects of the current status of event generators for small-x DIS. In particular we report on recent results using the CCFM evolution implemented in the SMALLX and CASCADE program concerning the importance of the so-called consistency constraint, and compare with the linked dipole chain model implemented in the LDC program. We point out some potential problems with the resolved vir

We demonstrate the manipulation of single-walled carbon nanotube/liquid crystal composites using in-plane electric fields. The conductivity of the materials is shown to be dependant on the application of a DC bias across the electrodes. When the materials are subjected to this in-plane field, it is suggested that the liquid crystals orientate, thereby forcing the SWCNTs to follow in alignment. Thi

The artificial bilayer structures of lipids and phospholipids can be fabricated using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. High sensitivity and ultrasensitive detection can only be achieved using plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). This chapter describes the single molecule detection of tagged-phospholipids using the LB technique and plasmon-enhanced s

Investigation into nanostructured organic films has served many purposes, including the design of functionalized surfaces that may be applied in biomedical devices and tissue engineering and for studying physiological processes depending on the interaction with cell membranes. Of particular relevance are Langmuir monolayers, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and layer-by-layer (LbL) films used to simulate bi

A low-pressure, position-sensitive, multi-wire proportional chamber (LPMWPC) system with an active area 12×12 cm 2 for the detection of heavy nuclear fragments, has been developed for use in tagged photon beam experiments. The LPMWPC system can be operated in single as well as double step operational modes. In the case of double step operational mode with a high gas amplification factor, signals f

Efficient and accurate numerical tools for predicting the vibroacoustic behaviour of wooden multi-storey buildings are lacking nowadays. The variability that a natural material as wood possesses, makes it difficult to accurately predict and model its behaviour. Likewise, construction details such as junctions and connections between structural elements play an important role in the dynamic respons

The project "Silent Timber Build" will develop new prediction tools for timber structures. There are several challenges that have to be overcome to provide a full prediction tool. The differences in weight, stiffness and density for wooden structures compared to traditional, heavy and more homogeneous structural material have repercussions on how the sound propagates throughout the structures, aff