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Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka definitonen av en icke-internationell väpnad konflikt. Konflikten i Libyen respektive Syrien kommer att användas som exempel på hur olika detta kan tolkas. Definitonen av en konflikt är av stor betydelse för vilka regler som ska appliceras på den och för straffansvar. IIVK regleras i internationell humanitär rättsliga (IHR) konventioner som GenèvekonveThe purpose of this paper is to examine what constitutes a non-international armed conflict (NIAC), using the conflicts in Libya respectively Syria as examples of how different this can be interpreted. This definition is of great importance when it comes to what rules to apply and criminal accountability. NIACs are regulated in international humanitarian law (IHL) conventions such as the Geneva Co

Popular Abstract in Swedish Antalet fallolyckor och frakturer ökar ibland den äldre befolkningen och detta innebär en ökande social och ekonomisk belastning för samhället. En viktig orsak till fallolyckor kan vara dålig balans. Kontrollen av upprätt stående och gångförmåga baseras på komplexa processer av neuromuskulär aktivitet. Denna neuromuskulära aktivitet bygger på sensorisk information från

The aim was to gain knowledge of young people's physical status and physical activity, and to further the understanding of the role of school physical education in a salutogenic public health perspective. Two studies were performed in southern Sweden. Study 1 was performed in 1996 among 301 adolescents aged 16-19 in upper secondary school. It comprised three parts: a questionnaire, seven physical

Tourism is an industry with considerable environmental and social impacts; in order to stimulate reduction of these impacts, voluntary recognition schemes i.e. ecolabels and certification programmes have been introduced to motivate tourism businesses to improve their environmental performance, encourage more sustainable practices and patterns in this branch of economy, provide information to touri

Three cases decided by the CFI, Airtours, Schneider Electric and Tetra Laval, along with the ECJ's judgement in the appeal of the Tetra Laval case, may have changed the way the Courts and the Commission approach questions of proof in the future. In these cases, the CFI did not hesitate to conclude: ''the contested decision does not establish to the requisite legal standard that the mod

The ICTY and the ICTR were established in the 1990s to determine individual accountability for mass atrocities. The tribunals have had a great impact on the development of international criminal law, yet their effects in the concerned societies have been disputed. As the courts are located outside the territory in which the crimes took place, and are composed of international lawyers and personnel

A powerful cartel forces customers to pay significantly more for products and eliminates competition since its participants do not need to improve their productivity or the quality of their products. Cartels have historically exercised great influence over the international economy. During the inter-war period cartels were so powerful that economists have estimated that international cartels contr

In the Swedish winter snow removal and de-icing is an important part of the operations and maintenance work on Sweden´s roads. They are short term but necessary measures for accessibility and safety during the winter months. The snow plows used are one in front, one on the right side of the vehicle and sometimes one under the vehicle. On highways and 2+1-ways a wider side plow is used to make a mo

Inom den genusrättsvetenskapliga framställningen har författare framfört hur 1951 års konvention om flyktingars rättsliga ställning utformats och tolkats utifrån ett manligt perspektiv. Det kan, enligt bland andra Maria Bexelius, förklaras genom att kön påverkar rätten. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka vad begreppet ”kön” innebär och om det kan anses påverka bedömningen av vilka omstäPer literature in the field of gender studies, the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was drafted and has been interpreted from a male perspective. Pursuant to Maria Bexelius, this is an outcome of how gender affects the law. By studying the meaning of “gender” this essay aims to examine how gender affects the judgement of which circumstances that constitute persecution for reasons

Denna uppsats behandlar self-cleaning vid uteslutning av leverantörer till följd av brott som innefattar bestickning eller korruption. Närmare bestämt utreder uppsatsen vilka bedömningsgrunder en upphandlande myndighet börha vid bedömningen av en leverantörs self-cleaning härom. Som en konsekvens av att ha begått brott som innefattar bestickning eller korruption kan en leverantör uteslutas från aThis essay concerns self-cleaning in connection with exclusion of public contract suppliers due to bribery or corruption. More specifically, the essay examines on what grounds contracting authorities should assess a self-cleaning. As a consequence of being found guilty of bribery or corruption, suppliers can be excluded from the procurement procedure. However, the newly introduced Swedish Public

I Sverige infördes lagstiftning i syfte att motverka insiderhandel i början av 1970-talet. Rättsområdet har därefter varit föremål för omfattande reformer. Den senaste reformen vidtogs med anledning av en ny EU-förordning och ett nytt EU-direktiv. Insiderlagstiftningen har kritiserats för att den har innehållit vaga rekvisit, medfört bevissvårigheter och för att den inte har varit tillräckligt effTo counteract insider trading, legislation was introduced in Sweden in the early 1970s. Ever since, the legal field has been subject to extensive reforms. The latest reform took place following a new EU regulation and a new EU directive. Insider legislation has been criticized because of its vague requisites, the difficulties in applying evidence, and because it has not been sufficiently effective

Det hör till ovanligheten att arrende upphör att gälla till följd av förverkande. Reglerna om förverkande har högt ställda krav på överträdelse för att sådant yrkande ska bifallas. De i 8 kap. 23 § JB uppradade förverkandegrunderna får vid överträdelse inte vara av ringa betydelse och övriga grunder som stödjer yrkandet om förverkande ska vara av synnerlig vikt för jordägaren. Utöver de högt ställLeaseholds that ceases due to forfeiture rarely happens. In order to successfully claim the cease of leasehold due to forfeiture, the violation needs to be significant. Swedish Land and Cadastral Legislation (Land Code) contains the grounds of forfeiture and it also states that the matter needs to be more than minor importance. The general clause, which means a violation not directly stated in the

Audiovisual content is heavily prevalent in many modern societies. Film, in particular, is a favourite form of entertainment to many. Film is by nature both multimodal and polysemiotic, employing the modalities of visual and auditive as well as the semiotic systems of language, gesture, depiction and music. Some audiences do not have immediate access to content using either the auditive or visual

I april 2019 utfärdades direktiv 2019/790, mer känt som DSM-direktivet. Art. 17 i direktivet riktar sig mot leverantörer av delningsplattformar: stora digitala plattformar där användare laddar upp och delar upphovsrättsligt material, ofta utan tillstånd från rättighetshavarna. Art. 17 gör delningsplattformsleverantörerna ansvariga för användarnas upphovsrättsintrång om de inte erhåller rättighetshIn April 2019, the EU issued directive 2019/790, better known as the DSM Directive. Art. 17 of this directive applies to online providers of content sharing platforms: large, digital platforms, where the users upload and share copyright protected content, often without the rightsholder’s permission. Art. 17 DSM Directive holds the platform providers liable for the users’ copyright infringements, u

Tutors: Stefan U Klingberg, Director Strategic Planning, Scania CV AB Ulf Paulsson, Ph.D in Engineering, Department of Business Administration Malin Olander Roese, Department of Design Sciences, LTH Issue of study: Services dominate the economy of today why it becomes essential for companies to add value through services. Still many companies fail to do so. The main reason is existing knowledge

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding for if, and how, different views on efficiency and effectiveness characterized the organisation of the eye clinic in the SUS hospital merger. What presumptions operative efficiencies affected hospital management’s merger decision? What were the expected benefits and what kind of organisational structure would help to achieve these

This master thesis was conducted at Volvo Car Corporation, VCC, in Gothenburg within the Manufacturing Engineering department. It is based on the P11-project (the new model S40) where the process verification has been examined and analyzed. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the reasons behind remaining and new problems at late stages in the development process, as well as possibilities f

Sveriges och Europas befolkning blir allt äldre samtidigt som färre föds. Med andra ord ska allt färre yngre människor försörja allt fler äldre. Den 15 december 2008 infördes nya svenska regler för arbetskraftsinvandring från tredjeland. Reformen innebar att det gamla systemet där ansökningar om arbetstillstånd först prövades mot behovet på den inhemska marknaden, den så kallade arbetsmarknadsprövThe Swedish and European population is aging and fewer are born. In other words, fewer young people have to provide for an increasing number of elderly people. On December 15 2008 new Swedish rules for labour migration from third countries were introduced. The old system where an application for work permit was first assessed according to the needs of the domestic market, the so-called ”arbetsmark

Context. The formation and evolution of the Galactic bulge and the Milky Way is still a debated subject. Observations of the X-shaped bulge, cylindrical stellar motions, and the presumed existence of a fraction of young stars in the bulge have suggested that it formed through secular evolution of the disk and not through gas dissipation and/or mergers, as thought previously. Aims. Our goal was to

Background: In many settings, health care service provision has been modified to managing COVID-19 cases, and this has been affecting the provision of maternal and child health services. The aim of this study was to assess trends in selected maternal and child health services performance in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional data review was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethio