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Background: Tonsillar cancer is caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), tobacco smoking, and alcohol abuse. Aspects of the patient’s immune response to this disease have arisen as prognostic factors and treatment targets, reflecting differences in the type and protein expression profile of immune cells. Because tonsillar cancers are heterogenous lesions such data need to be spatially resol
The optimal selection of characteristic bands and retrieval models for the hyperspectral retrieval of soil heavy metal concentrations poses a significant challenge. Additionally, satellite-based hyperspectral retrieval encounters several issues, including atmospheric effects, limitations in temporal and radiometric resolution, and data acquisition, among others. Given this, the retrieval performan
BACKGROUND: As trials of 5 years of tamoxifen in early breast cancer mature, the relevance of hormone receptor measurements (and other patient characteristics) to long-term outcome can be assessed increasingly reliably. We report updated meta-analyses of the trials of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen.METHODS: We undertook a collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data from 20 trials (n=21,4
Background: Intervention trials that have demonstrated significant effects may not always replicate those effects when scaled up. This study aimed to test whether scaling-up a successful cluster randomized trial (the COMMUNICATE study, 9 intervention communities), which promoted population-level physical activity (PA), could promote PA in a broader citywide setting (29 communities) after two years
Background: Disease-modifying therapies targeting the diverse pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including neuroinflammation, represent potentially important and novel approaches. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity and has an established safety profile. Semaglutide may have a disease-modifying, neuroprotec
Background: In many settings, health care service provision has been modified to managing COVID-19 cases, and this has been affecting the provision of maternal and child health services. The aim of this study was to assess trends in selected maternal and child health services performance in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional data review was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethio
The burden of cardiometabolic diseases is increasing worldwide. Early detection of high-risk individuals is essential for appropriate diagnosis, better treatment outcomes, quality of life and lower health related costs. Aims: The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate the possible associations between plasma proneurotensin (Pro-NT) and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T
Context. The formation and evolution of the Galactic bulge and the Milky Way is still a debated subject. Observations of the X-shaped bulge, cylindrical stellar motions, and the presumed existence of a fraction of young stars in the bulge have suggested that it formed through secular evolution of the disk and not through gas dissipation and/or mergers, as thought previously. Aims. Our goal was to
The use of N-heterocyclic carbenes in conjunction with iron has been studied over the last decade for the purpose of achieving well-functioning iron-based photosensitisers. This is based on the strong σ- donating ability of the carbene, and the effect this has on the metal-based orbitals of iron, for achieving more stable excited states. This work has been done to harness this earth-abundant metal
Cellulosa är den vanligaste biopolymeren på jorden och en viktig reservoar av organiskt kol i terrestra ekosystem. I skogar kommer mycket av denna cellulosa från trä och bryts ner av saprotrofa basidiomyceter. Dessa svampar klassificeras traditionellt som vitröta eller brunröta baserat på deras sönderfallsmekanismer i lignocellulosasubstrat. Huruvida dessa funktionella kategorier förblir distinktaCellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth and a major reservoir of organic carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. In forests, much of this cellulose originates from wood and is decomposed by saprotrophic basidiomycetes. These fungi are traditionally classified as white rot or brown rot species based on their decay mechanisms in lignocellulosic substrates. Whether these functional categories re
Despite the average 5-year survival rate exceeding 85%, childhood cancer is still the most common cause of disease-related death among children in Sweden. A cancer diagnosis is profoundly traumatic not only for children themselves, but also for the entire family, particularly the primary caregivers, their parents. This project aimed to investigate the extent to which a childhood cancer diagnosis a
We find ourselves in the midst of a remarkable technological revolution, with rapid advancements in fields such as artificial intelligence, robotics and information technology. Consequently, there is a pressing need for low-power technologies that are not reliant on continuous power supply. The field of spintronics aims to resolve this by coupling electric and magnetic properties. To pave the way
Group C and G streptococci (GCS/GGS) and group A streptococci (GAS) belong to β-haemolytic streptococci (BHS). GCS/GGS can further be species determined to S. dysgalactiae, whereas S. pyogenes are GAS. S. dysgalactiae and S. pyogenes cause similar diseases, (e.g., skin and soft tissue infections, erysipelas, bacteraemia, and infective endocarditis (IE)). Erysipelas often presents as a sharply dema
Background: Policies that promote aging in place are common in Sweden and many other countries. However, the current housing stock cannot sufficiently accommodate a population aging in place considering how functional capacity and housing needs change as people age. To be suitable for all regardless of their functional ability, housing should be designed or adapted to facilitate the performance of
Det är vanligt att märka ut produkter med ett visst märke men gränsdragningen mellan certifiering, standardisering och märkning av produkter är inte enkel att göra. Det finns inte någon enhetlig definition av certifiering men i rättspraxis, Kommissionens riktlinjer samt i Konkurrensverkets rapport definieras certifiering som att en produkt bedöms enligt en viss förutbestämd standard och att ett inCertifying products with the purpose to better position products on the market is common. To distinguishing certification from standardization and labeling of products is difficult. There is no uniform definition of certification. According to case law, the Commission's guidelines, and the Swedish Competition Authority's report; certification is defined as a product being assessed accordin
Water availability faces increasing pressure due to economic growth, population growth,greater affluence as well as climate change. For companies, this could lead to higher businessrisks as water is often a key ingredient in their operations for example in cooling, steamgeneration and cleaning. Moreover, companies might be competing over water with otherstakeholders in the region when water scarci
In 2015, media reported on new allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse committed by UN peacekeepers against civilians. This was not the first time such allegations were made. Although a number of measures have been taken at the UN level to combat these crimes, the problem persists. The majority of the personnel in UN peacekeeping operations are members of national military contingents, and
In a progressively globalized world the catapults of economic globalization, is in large, due to increased flows of foreign direct investments (FDI) across the world. FDI flows are considered essential vehicles for economic growth and development. The complex entities that embody a multinational company (MNC ) are often simplified to encompass either an exploitation approach of LDCs by MNCs or the
I stygnen i våra kläder kan man ofta finna spår av barnarbete. Klädindustrin i Bangladesh är landets största exportsektor. Det är också den sektor där överträdelser av de mänskliga rättigheterna sker dagligen i förhållande till barnarbete. Olyckor i textilfabriker runt om i landet har orsakat flertalet dödsfall, vilket även tagit situationen gällande landets arbetsrättsliga förhållanden samt använIn the stitches of our clothes one can often find traces of child labour. The garment industry in Bangladesh is the country’s largest export sector. It is also a sector where sever human rights violations take place on a daily basis in relation to child labour. Accidents in textile factories in the country causing numerous deaths relatively recently brought the situation of working conditions to t
Skyddet för den personliga integriteten har i takt med tekniska framsteg diskuterats inom en rad områden. Ett sådant område är arbetsrätten och specifikt arbetstagarens rätt till sin personliga integritet. Att dokument överförs till digital form samt att kommunikation flyttas från telefon och brev till e-mail gör det mer praktiskt möjligt för arbetsgivare att kontrollera sina arbetstagare än någonAs technology progress the right to personal integrity has been discussed in several areas. One of those areas is labour law and specifically the employee’s right to personal integrity. As communication becomes more and more digital it has become more practical for employers to monitor their employees. The question regarding employees’ right to protection for their personal integrity is, despite
