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Experiments were performed on various combustion devices to investigate the flames employing different optical measurement techniques under atmospheric pressure conditions. Non-intrusive laser-based techniques provided in-situ information concerning different parameters of the combustion process, with a high degree of temporal and spatial resolution. In the thesis work, different parameters of int
Background: The loss of carbon (C) from agricultural soils has been, in part, attributed to tillage, a common practice providing a number of benefits to farmers. The promotion of less intensive tillage practices and no tillage (NT) (the absence of mechanical soil disturbance) aims to mitigate negative impacts on soil quality and to preserve soil organic carbon (SOC). Several reviews and meta-analy
Background: Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy, a novel tissue-preserving treatment for low-risk prostate cancer, has shown favourable safety and efficacy results in single-arm phase 1 and 2 studies. We compared this treatment with the standard of care, active surveillance, in men with low-risk prostate cancer in a phase 3 trial. Methods: This randomised controlled trial was done in 47 Europea
This report presents the findings from a pre-study concerning the opportunities and challenges of digitalization and automation in bridge design. The project approach is divided into three parts: 1) a short review of the relevant literature, 2) investigations concerning bridge industry perspectives (with focus on bridge consultants), and 3) the identification of future research needs based on part
The aim of this thesis is to compare and analyse the introduction of renewable fuel in the public transport sector, focusing on the challenges and opportunities encountered by involved stakeholders on the regional and local levels. The results contribute to answering three research questions: 1) How do organisational factors and local and regional contextual factors influence the introduction of r
Safety, perceived and real, is essential for the attractiveness of urban environments (Avraham & Ketter, 2008, Coaffee & van Ham, 2008, Avraham, 2009). A high degree of perceived safety of a place plays a large role in attracting retail businesses, personnel, and customers. However, perceived safety is not an isolated issue, but related to many aspects, such as the planning of city space,
Omkring 600 barn och tonåringar arbetar på Managuas stora soptipp, denbstörsta i Nicaragua. De samlar och sorterar avfall på den öppna tippen, sombtäcker ett 7 km2 stort område i stadens utkant vid stranden av Managuasjön. Sådant arbete, som förekommer i många stora städer i utvecklingsländer, ansesbvara ett av de mest riskfyllda typerna av barnarbete som finns. Ändå är kunskapen om sådant arbete About 600 children and teenagers work at Managua's landfill, the largest in Nicaragua. They collect and sort waste at the open dump, which covers an area of 7 km2 on the outskirts of the city on the shores of Lake Managua. Such work, which occurs in many large cities in developing countries, is considered to be one of the riskiest types of child labor that exists. Nevertheless, knowledge of such w
Background: Children in families who are refugees might experience more adversities than their peers. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well known risk factors for poorer adulthood health and adjustment. The risk of ACEs for children with a parent who is a refugee affected by trauma is unknown. We aimed to estimate the hazard of individual and cumulative ACEs using a unique sample of childr
Lung transplantation (LTx) is an established therapeutic option for end-stage pulmonary disease. However, it remains restricted by donor lung scarcity. Donor's lungs are rejected frequently due to severe lung damage caused by aspiration or neurogenic pulmonary oedema that can all lead to acute lung injury (ALI), and more severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Lung transplant patients f
Background: Persistent circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection during neoadjuvant treatment of early-breast cancer (EBC) indicates high-risk disease. Detection of ctDNA post-resection of EBC (molecular residual disease, MRD) indicates occult metastatic disease and impending disease relapse. For ctDNA to be integrated into EBC management, accessible and scalable diagnostic tools are requi
Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous and a complex disease defined by hyperglycemia. Thepancreas and its islets are central for glucose homeostasis and healthy adipose tissue. In turn, lipid levels in the bloodare crucial for glucose level stability. Both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction play a pivotal role inthe risk and development of the disease. In
Inom forskningen refererar självskadebeteende till beteenden med låg dödlighet och där suicidintention är osannolikt, så som att skära, slå, och bränna sig själv. Denna avhandling ämnade undersöka; i) mental hälsa och välmående bland svenska unga vuxna som har slutat skada sig sedan tonåren, och ii) de psykosociala faktorerna som bidrar till att en slutar skada sig och mår bättre under denna perioNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an umbrella term for non-lethal behaviours that are unlikely to be intended as suicidal, such as cutting, hitting, or burning oneself. The aims of this dissertation were to investigate i) the mental health and well-being of Swedish young adults who have ceased engaging in NSSI since adolescence, and ii) the psychosocial conditions that facilitate NSSI cessation a
India is a developing country with a large landmass and a huge socio-culturally, economically and ethnically diverse population. The healthcare system for such a diverse and complex country entails challenges and difficulties in execution and outreach. Here, the emerging area of telehealth could afford a place for itself in providing healthcare and health education to a large section of people res
Background: Traditionally managed semi-natural pastures are recognised for their high biodiversity. One drawback is that these pastures are often low in fodder production and hence rather unprofitable, which may lead to abandonment. Two ways to increase production and profitability and maintain grazing are to (i) offer the grazers supplementary feed, or (ii) co-enclose the semi-natural pasture wit
Background: With a trend toward de-escalation of axillary surgery in breast cancer, prediction models incorporating imaging modalities can help reassess the need for surgical axillary staging. Although mammography is routinely performed for breast cancer imaging, its potential in nodal staging remains underutilized. This study aims to employ advancements in deep learning (DL) to comprehensively ev
UNLABELLED: Studies investigating the immunogenicity of additional COVID-19 vaccine doses in immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) are still limited. The objective was to explore the antibody response including response to omicron virus subvariants (sBA.1 and sBS.2) after third and fourth COVID-19 vaccine doses in Swedish IRD patients treated with immunomodulating dr
Background: Predicting future Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related cognitive decline among individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an important task for healthcare. Structural brain imaging as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could potentially contribute when making such predictions. It is unclear if the predictive performance of MRI can be
The aviation industry is a contributor to the global greenhouse gas emissions. Moving away from fossil-based fuels has proven to be more difficult than expected. One possibility for the aviation industry is the development of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), produced from renewable sources such as biomass and waste. Certain problems have been discovered with using SAFs, however. The fuels are us
As a result of climate change, temperatures have been steadily increasing in the last half century and extreme weather events such as storms, extreme heat, extreme precipitation and cold spells have been observed to occur more frequently. This comes with potential consequences for lives and health. There are several factors affecting the climate in a region. A phenomenon that has a large impact in
Author: Lovisa Ottoson & Lykke Olsson Title: To become a parent in a forbidden way - a qualitative study on single mothers by choice in Sweden who have children through assisted reproduction Supervisor: Roberto Scaramuzzino Assessor: Frans Oddner The purpose of this study is to examine how single mothers by choice experience that norms in our society affects them. It is interesting to see how
