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In a mail survey of about 900 men and women above the age of 65 living in one small and large city in Sweden and also in a longitudinal and cohort comparison population study of people between the ages of 70 to 79, living in another large city, questions were asked about car-driving and the possession of a driver's license and of a car. In the age-group 65-74 half of the households owned a car, wh
Macronutrient intake, the proportion of calories consumed from carbohydrate, fat, and protein, is an important risk factor for metabolic diseases with significant familial aggregation. Previous studies have identified two genetic loci for macronutrient intake, but incomplete coverage of genetic variation and modest sample sizes have hindered the discovery of additional loci. Here, we expanded the
In recent years, subsets of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients carrying quasi-identical or stereotyped B cell receptors (BcRs) have been identified that share clinicobiological features and disease outcome. While these stereotyped subsets show distinct gene expression and genomic profiles, the DNA methylation landscape remains largely unexplored. By applying high-resolution 450K methylati
A new method for measuring the rate of in-vitro starch digestion in products with a structure 'as eaten' is introduced. An equivalent amount of potentially available starch from each product was chewed by subjects, expectorated into a beaker and incubated with pepsin. The incubate was thereafter transferred to a dialysis tubing and incubated with pancreatic α-amylase for 3 h. Samples were removed
The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relati
Membrane processes, antibiotics, enzymes, biofuels and biochemicalsThe end of the 20th century was marked by the start of the third and so far final wave of biotechnology, the so-called white biotechnology, aiming to substitute chemical processes based on C2/C3 chemistry of oil and gas by biotechnological processes. The standard conversion process in biotechnology is fermentation, which is used t
Background: The Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) is a self-administered hip-specific questionnaire intended to evaluate symptoms and functional limitations, and it is commonly used to evaluate interventions in individuals with hip dysfunction or hip osteoarthritis. The HOOS consists of 43 questions in five subscales: Pain, Symptoms, Function in daily living, Function in sport
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammation and is associated with multiple complex diseases. The genetic determinants of chronic inflammation remain largely unknown, and the causal role of CRP in several clinical outcomes is debated. We performed two genome-wide association studies (GWASs), on HapMap and 1000 Genomes imputed data, of circulating amounts of
Background: the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS-GMS) recommendations for training in Geriatric Medicine were published in 1993. The practice of Geriatric Medicine has developed considerably since then and it has therefore become necessary to update these recommendations.Methods: under the auspices of the UEMS-GMS, the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS) and the European Academy
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are prevalent age-related diseases characterized by exudative changes in the macula. Although they share anatomical and clinical similarities, they are also distinctly characterized by their own features, e.g. vascular abnormalities in PCV and drusen-mediated progression in neovascular AMD. PCV remains e
Exposure to low temperatures requires an organism to overcome physiological challenges. New Zealand wētā belonging to the genera Hemideina and Deinacrida are found across a wide range of thermal environments and therefore subject to varying selective pressures. Here we assess the selection pressures across the wētā phylogeny, with a particular emphasis on identifying genes under positive or divers
Alzheimer's disease has a long preclinical phase during which amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration accumulate in the brain without producing overt cognitive deficits. It is currently unclear whether these early disease stages are associated with a progressive disruption in the communication between brain regions that subsequently leads to cognitive decline and dementia. In this study we assesse
Resetting or bleaching of the luminescence signal is a fundamental factor in luminescence dating. It must occur in nature during the event or process to be dated for an accurate age, but if it happens during sample processing in the laboratory it destroys the sample for dating purposes. In this study, we look into bleaching of quartz optically stimulated luminescence by light in nature and in the
OBJECTIVES: The influence of the amount and rate of weight loss on subsequently regaining weight and dropout from treatment in severely obese patients targeting 5% weight loss was investigated.METHODS: A total of 120 consecutive hospital patients with severe obesity (BMI: 42 ± 9 kg/m(2) ) participated in an inpatient program targeting 5% weight loss that involved goal setting, charting weight four
Aims/hypothesis. With ageing the long-lived proteins of the human lens undergo denaturation by non-enzymatic glycation. The denaturated proteins are fluorescent, a property that can be assessed in vivo by fluorometry. Our aim was to examine the relative contribution of hereditary and environmental effects on the accumulation of fluorescent compounds in the lens.Methods. We examined 59 monozygotic
Objective. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous condition with well-established symptom dimensions across the lifespan. The objective of the present study was to use network analysis to investigate the internal structure and central features of these dimensions in unselected schoolchildren and in youth with OCD.Method. We estimated the network structure of OCD symptom dimensions
Nucleophilic properties of amino acid amides were studied systematically in acyl-transfer reactions catalyzed by α-chymotrypsin and subtilisin from Bacillus subtilis strain 72 (subtilisin 72) using Mal-L-Ala-L-Ala-L-PheOMe and Bz-L-TyrOme as the acyl group donors. In α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed reactions in water the reactivity of the amino acid amides increases with hydrophobicity of the nucleophile
Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the role of ‘contagion’, or social transmission, in risk of suicidal behaviour (SB) among siblings. Methods: We followed Swedish sibling pairs until one of them (S1; N = 111,848) was registered for a suicide attempt or completion. We tested the effect of geographic proximity between siblings on risk of a first SB registration of S1's sibling (S2). To
The PANDA (anti-Proton ANnihiliation at DArmstadt) experiment will be one of the four flagship experiments at the new international accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) in Darmstadt, Germany. PANDA will address fundamental questions of hadron physics and quantum chromodynamics using high-intensity cooled antiproton beams with momenta between 1.5 and 15 GeV/c and a de
Background: Membrane proteins constitute up to 30% of the human proteome. These proteins have special properties because the transmembrane segments are embedded into lipid bilayer while extramembranous parts are in different environments. Membrane proteins have several functions and are involved in numerous diseases. A large number of prediction methods have been introduced to predict protein subc
