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Objectives To study informed consent to midwifery practices and interventions during the second stage of labor and to investigate the association between informed consent and experiences of these practices and interventions and women's experiences of the second stage of labor. Methods This study uses an observational design with data from a follow-up questionnaire sent to women one month after giv

Job satisfaction is a complex concept that has mainly been investigated in a quantitative nature from several perspectives. Most past studies have focused solely on investigating full-time employees quantitatively, without taking into account other employment types such as part-time student employees, or other methods of data collection. Additionally, a lack of studies exist focusing on comparing

Aquaculture is an expanding industry, supplying closer to 50% of the total fish consumption. Commercialized fish production faces sustainability challenges which are important to address. Aquaponics uses wastewater from aquaculture to grow plants using hydroponics. This is a step towards making the industry more sustainable, but the practice is not straightforward. The plants and the fish thrive a

Introduction: Wood packaging consumes over twenty percent of industrial timber harvests in the United States. Organised reuse of wood packaging can reduce timber consumption but is not widely practised. Existing research on circular wood packaging systems is limited in scope, focusing on individual design and process interventions at the firm level. This thesis constitutes a novel investigation o

Ny avfallslagstiftning tvingar kommunerna att se över sina avfallsabonnemang I dagsläget bestämmer varje kommun själv hur många källsorterade avfallsfraktioner de vill hämta upp hos hushållen samt huruvida matavfall ska sorteras ut separat eller slängas blandat med restavfall. Ny avfallslagstiftning från EU och regeringen tvingar kommunerna att se över sina avfallsabonnemang så att de lever upp tRecycling reduces the need for new raw materials and greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the new waste legislation from the EU and the Swedish government imposes higher recycling requirements on Swedish municipalities. Starting from January 1, 2024, it will be mandatory for all EU member states to separately collect food waste through curbside collection. The Swedish government has also decided

Palsa mires are typical wetland landscapes of the Arctic regions, consisting of mosaics of palsas (raised formations of peat and permafrost) and shallow ponds, all embedded in wet mires. These heterogeneous habitats support rich and abundant wader populations, which breed there during the short Arctic summer. Although being threatened by climate change, relatively little is known about the ecologi

Particle size can be an important variable to know in many different areas, be it smoke simulations, toxicity of materials or tests of face masks. Fires in a reduced oxygen environment can occur for ventilation-controlled fires or in areas with artificially lowered oxygen levels. The effects of lower concentrations of oxygen on heat release rate, smoke production etc. has been studied, but any eff

Under de senaste årtiondena har bin, såsom humlor, minskat i både antal arter och populationsmängder. Detta är ett stort problem för vårt samhälle då både jordbruket och naturliga ekosystem till stor del är beroende av dessa pollinatörer. Det är speciellt problematiskt att humlor minskar då de har förmågan att utföra en speciell sorts pollinering (buzz-pollination) som några av våra vanligaste gröThe decline of bees, such as bumblebees, over the last decades raises concerns as they are key pollinators in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. One proposed cause for the decline of wild bees is competition for food resources with managed honeybees. Detrimental effects of competition can result where co-existing species exhibit a high degree of shared resource use (i.e., niche overlap). Th

Virusinfektioner och Diabetes? Diabetes kännetecknas av konstant förhöjt blodsocker. Sjukdomen ökar i lavinartade former och beskrivs som en av det moderna samhällets stora epidemier. Diabetes förekommer vanligtvis i två huvudsakliga former, typ1 och typ 2. I typ I-diabetes (T1D), som framförallt drabbar barn och ungdomar, har de insulinproducerande beta-cellerna förstörts av kroppens immunförsvType 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an immune-mediated disease where the pancreatic beta cells are selectively destroyed by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. However, the triggering events that eventually leads to autoreactive CD8 T cells infiltrating the pancreatic islets and, subsequently, destroying them still needs to be unveiled. Genetic and epidemiological evidence points to a substantial influence of environ

Abstrakt Bakgrund: Kvinnlig könsstympning definieras som delvis eller totalt avlägsnande av kvinnans könsdelar eller åsamkande av annan skada av icke-medicinska skäl. 2014 beräknades enligt WHO mer än 125 miljoner flickor och kvinnor vara könsstympade. I Sverige uppskattas det leva cirka 38 000 könsstympade kvinnor. Ingreppet kan medföra kronisk smärta, svårigheter i samband med miktion och me

När städerna växer, ökar risken för fekal kontaminering på våra badplatser. Kontamineringen är oftast kortvarig men utgör en hälsorisk för badarna. Hur kan vi lösa detta? Information kring badvattenkvalité är idag begränsad. Ändå påverkas vårt dagliga liv av kvalitén på vattnet i och med att våra badplatser ofta ligger nära stadsområden. De flesta badplatserna i Sverige idag visar god vattenkvaliBathing water is of great concern as almost all bodies of water in Sweden today are affected by human activities. Usage of models for bathing water quality may give the possibility to assess and evaluate short-term contamination. The main objective of this thesis was to develop and evaluate a script for degradation of the faecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli, E. coli, in an aquatic environme

The digital era has mercilessly affected the media landscape by changing the way information and news are disseminated and consumed. This has led to an increased need to move activities online and an outdated business model among newspapers. The Swedish newspaper industry has so far struggled to do business in the digital world. Hence, the need for business model innovation is greater than ever. I

Green energy defaults (where the uptake of renewable energy is promoted among households by opt-out tariffs) are gaining increasing interest with policy makers, due to the high enrolment rates shown in (experimental) studies. Such default choices are often justified on normative and behavioural grounds as although consumers express a desire and willingness to pay for green energy, they often fail

Öga för öga, tand för tand är en straffrättslig princip som myntades av kung Hammurabi i Babylonien kring år 1700 före Kristus genom Hammurabis lag. Principen om öga för öga, tand för tand innebär att den som orsakat skada ska lida samma skada. Svensk straffrätt har gått från resonemanget att ”ont ska botas med ont” till straff och skadestånd i pengar och därför finns inte principen om öga för ögaChapter 5 article 2 of the Property Formation Act reads that the person who forfeitsland shall be compensated with land primarily. This means that the principal rule isthat land shall be compensated with land, but when this is not deemed appropriated compensation in money is acceptable. Furthermore, the paragraphmeans that the Surveying Authority (LM) may decide against the land owners wish that c

This master thesis in library and information science is centered around two reading circles taking place at the libraries of Swedish upper secondary schools. The aim of the thesis is to study how the participants (ages 16-18) in the reading circles reflect on their own reading practices and their identities as readers. One main point of the thesis is that reading circles are forms of reading comm

The failure or flourishing of companies in their core businesses can often be attributed to events and developments rooting outside their focus of attention. Many research streams are concerned with early detection, interpretation and acting upon these weak signals from companies’ peripheries - with Peripheral Vision by Schoemaker & Day (2006) being one of the most systematic approaches. Due t

The purpose of this study is to examine if brand-context congruence has an effect on customer-based brand equity and whether brand image impacts this relationship. The relationship between an ad and the surrounding context, so called context congruence, has gained a lot of attention. This as it has been shown to generate beneficial outcomes for brands, such as better brand recall, recognition, and

The current state of our environment is alarming. Increasing natural disasters worldwide and rising pollution levels made a conventional economic growth model illogical to abide by. Alternative growth models are of actuality, with the Green Economy being the most popular. Defined by UNEP (2011) as a “low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive” economy (p.9), it raises interest among the

Thesis purpose: By investigating how market driving strategy applies to the context of smaller companies we intend to be able to extend the existing knowledge about market orientation and market driving strategy, and provide practitioners with insights on strategic planning and working with brand identity. We hope that this in turn can help more SMEs survive and be long term profitable. Methodol