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The problem of antibiotic resistance is rising continuously, creating a warning signal that calls for finding alternatives. Not only that, but there is also a rising demand for natural food preservatives. The pharmaceutical and food industry sectors are working on fulfilling these needs. This thesis is exploring possible solutions to these issues. The research studies presented here introduce the

BackgroundWorldwide, an estimated 5 billion people lack access to safe, affordable surgical care when needed. This leads to millions of avertable deaths and unnecessary morbidity each year. To change this situation, urgent action is needed at many levels, but indicators and data have been lacking to guide improvement.AimsThe aim of this thesis was to describe and evaluate measurement of surgical p

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bestrålning av allmänheten från radioaktivt cesium efter Tjernobylolyckan. Fältstudier i ett högkontaminerat område i Bryanskregionen i Ryssland. Olyckan i kärnkraftverket i Tjernobyl i Ukraina 1986 orsakade att stora delar av Europa kontaminerades med radioaktiva ämnen, varav 137Cs är det som fortfarande finns kvar pga sin långa halveringstid (30.2 år). BryanskområdetFrom 1990 to 1998, estimations of the effective dose from external as well as internal irradiation from 137Cs and 134Cs were carried out for inhabitants in rural villages in the Bryansk region, Russia, highly contaminated due to the Chernobyl accident in 1986. The villages were situated about 180 km from the Chernobyl power plant and the deposition of 137Cs was in the range 0.9-2.7 MBq m-2. Yearly

Haemophilia B (HB) is a rare inherited bleeding disorder caused by the deficiency of coagulation factor IX (FIX). The major clinical issues are bleedings, often targeting the joints, and the development of neutralising antibodies, i.e. inhibitors, to the FIX replacement therapy. Historically HB has been seen as identical to the more common haemophilia A (HA), i.e. deficiency of coagulation factor

Background: The combination of infliximab and immunosuppressant therapy is a standard management strategy for patients with Crohn's disease. Concerns regarding the implications of long-term combination therapy provided the rationale for a formal clinical trial of treatment de-escalation. Our aim was to compare the relapse rate and the time spent in remission over 2 years between patients continuin

A modern diesel engine is a reliable and efficient mean of producing power. A way to reduce harmful exhaust and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and secure the sources of energy is to develop technology for an efficient diesel engine operation independent of fossil fuels. Renewable diesel fuels are compatible with diesel engines without any major modifications. Rapeseed oil methyl esters (RME) and o

BACKGROUND: The risks of developmental language disorder (DLD) for both educational progress and socio-emotional development are well documented, but little is known about how children and young people with DLD experience and describe their language and communication. The need to complement experimental and quantitative studies with qualitative perspectives of the lived experience of individuals w

Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in inland waters plays an essential role in the global carbon cycle and has significant public health effects. Machine learning (ML) together with remote sensing has emerged as a powerful and promising combination to quantify water quality parameters from space. However, inland water sample data for DOC is limited. Hence, little is known about the potential to quanti

Background: Criteria for electrocardiographic detection of acute myocardial ischemia recommended by the Consensus Document of ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF consist of two parts: The ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) criteria based on ST elevation (ST↑) in 10 pairs of contiguous leads and the other on ST depression (ST↓) in the same 10 contiguous pairs. Our aim was to assess sensitivity (SE) and specif

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder usually affecting females. It is associated with multiple disabilities including intellectual disability leading to a high level of dependency in all aspects of daily living including participation in physical activities. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate physical activity behaviors by developing measures of walking, describ

Background: Few tools evaluates quality of movements in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The Test for Substitution Patterns (TSP) is developed to measure the ability to perform five functional movements regarding postural control and altered movement patterns (1). TSP is validated and reliable in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament injury, but has not yet been evaluated in indivi

Background Genetic determinants of stroke, the leading neurological cause of death and disability, are poorly understood and have seldom been explored in the general population. Our aim was to identify additional loci for stroke by doing a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Methods For the discovery sample, we did a genome-wide analysis of common genetic variants associated with inc

Importance: Drug company payments to health care organizations can create conflicts of interest. However, little is known about such financial relationships, especially outside the United States.Objective: To examine the concentration and patterns of drug company payments to health care organizations in the United Kingdom.Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study examined nonre

Stroke är en mycket vanlig sjukdom och idag räknar man med att det finns över 140 000 drabbade i Sverige som lever med varierande grad av funktionell nedsättning. Prognosen efter stroke påverkas av många olika faktorer varav flera tidigare inte fått så mycket uppmärksamhet. Den här avhandlingen ämnar ge en heltäckande bild av långtidsprognosen och varje delarbete fokuserar på olika viktiga aspekteBackground: Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability. Prognosis is constantly evolving and is affected by multiple factors, many of which have not previously been thoroughly analyzed. This thesis aims to provide an updated and comprehensive description of long-term prognosis after stroke, specifically exploring key factors such as comorbidity (Study II), pre-stroke functional dependency

In today’s society people are overwhelmed with information about different kinds of heating systems. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that impact households when they make decisions on heating systems, and also how households value different types of information on the subject. Four Swedish municipalities were chosen for closer examination. Municipal energy advisors and represe

Popular Abstract in Swedish Utövandet av läkekonsten består till en del av rent medicinsk-tekniska insatser som grundas på vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet. Dessa insatser äger rum inom ett omvårdnadssammanhang, och här anses den personliga relationen vara ytterst betydelsefull för patientens tillfrisknande. Patienter och vårdpersonal har specifika roller som ej är jämlika. Rollinnehåll och rollThe personalities and qualities of nursing personnel are considered to be of great importance for their interactions with patients and may also influence work satisfaction. The aim of the thesis was to explore the extent to which different personal qualities and personality factors, with a possible effect on motivation, professional conduct, and coping with anxiety, are represented in a group of a

When the Swedish building regulations in 1994 allowed wooden multi-storey buildings to be built, this type of lightweight construction became popular due to its low cost and ease of construction, as well as wood being a plentiful resource in Sweden. However, complaints amid inhabitants are often reported due to nuisances caused by disturbing vibrations and noise propagating in the building. Still

Background, aim, and scope We strive to predict consequences of genetically modified plants (GMPs) being cultivated openly in the environment, as human and animal health, biodiversity, agricultural practise and farmers' economy could be affected. Therefore, it is unfortunate that the risk assessment of GMPs is burdened by uncertainty. One of the reasons for the uncertainty is that the GMPs are int

It is now becoming increasingly clear that free radicals contribute to brain damage in several conditions, such as hyperoxia and trauma. It has been more difficult to prove that free radical production mediates ischemic brain damage, but it has often been suggested that it may be a major contributor to reperfusion damage, observed following transient ischemia. Recent results demonstrate that cereb

Background and ObjectivesSpinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) and other neurodegenerative cerebellar ataxias (N-SCAs) involve alterations in cerebellar structure and function, affecting motor control and sensorimotor integration but also cognitive functions such as visuospatial processing. The cerebellum is essential for sensorimotor functions, and it contributes to cognition. The study aims to assess s