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Popular Abstract in Swedish Kroniskt Obstruktiv Lungsjukdom (KOL) är idag världens fjärde vanligaste dödsorsak vars dödlighetsfrekvens ökar. KOL är en lungsjukdom som nästan alltid beror på rökning och i hela världen är cirka 600 miljoner människor drabbade av sjukdomen. Detta gör KOL till världens vanligaste kroniska sjukdom. I Sverige beräknas sjukvårdskostnaderna för KOL att uppgå till ca 9,1 mProteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from smokers at risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and never smokers is described. COPD is currently the world's fourth leading cause of death and its prevalence is increasing. The leading cause of COPD is smoking and an estimated 600 million people in the world suffer from COPD which makes it the world's most co

Mechanisms involved in the islet adaptation to insulin resistance were examined in mice of the C57BL/6J strain challenged with a high-fat (58%) diet for 8 weeks. Basal hyperglycemia commenced after 1 week, whereas hyperinsulinemia evolved after 8 weeks. Glucose elimination after an intravenous glucose challenge (1 g/kg) was significantly delayed after 1, 4, and 8 weeks on the high-fat diet compare

1. We investigated the individual and combined effects of two predators (the climbing perch, Anabas testudineus, and the wetland crab, Esanthelphusa nimoafi) indigenous to wetlands in Laos, on the behaviour and survival of the invasive South American golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata). The snail is considered a pest, consuming large amounts of rice and other aquatic vegetation in the region

Myeloperoxidase ( MPO) is one of the major target antigens of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies ( ANCA) found in patients with small-vessel vasculitis and pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis. To date, the target epitopes of MPO-ANCA remain poorly defined. Human MPO-ANCA do not typically bind mouse MPO. We utilized the differences between human and mouse MPO to identify the target r

Background: The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically test a short, patient-reported questionnaire to be used in clinical practice for patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). The Visual Analogue Scale for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (VAS-IBS) questionnaire was designed to measure the treatment response of symptoms and well-being in patients suffering from IBS. Methods: The VAS-I

The objective of the study was to measure the lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activity in vaginal lavage fluid of women with vaginitis/vaginosis and in healthy pre- and post-menopausal controls. Also to analyse the LD isoenzyme patterns in such samples and compare the influence on the LD activity by different storage and sampling methods. Twenty of the women studied, who had no signs of inflammation as

Cerebral ischaemia results in enhanced endothelin B (ETB ) receptor-mediated contraction and receptor protein expression in the affected cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). Organ culture of cerebral arteries is a method to induce similar alterations in ETB receptor expression. We hypothesize that rapid and sustained reduction in wall tension/stretch is a possible trigger mechanism for this

PURPOSE: To examine the incidence of and the indications for re-intervention, as well as the changes in aortic morphology, in patients with chronic type B aortic dissection who underwent endovascular intervention for false lumen aneurysms. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 10 patients (8 men; mean age 63 years, range 45-79) who underwent stent-graft repair of aneurysmal false lume

BACKGROUND: /st> Septic shock includes blood vessel dilatation and activation of innate immunity, which in turn causes release of antimicrobial peptides such as LL-37. It has been shown that LL-37 can attract leucocytes via the lipoxin A(4) receptor (ALX, FPRL1). ALX is also present in vascular endothelial cells. To explore possible ways of pharmacological intervention in septic shock, we investig

Complement is a key arm of the innate immune defenses against the pathogenic neisseriae. We previously identified lipooligosaccharide on Neisseria meningitidis as an acceptor for complement C4b. Little is known about other neisserial targets for complement proteins C3 and C4, which covalently attach to bacterial surfaces and initiate opsonization and killing. In this study we demonstrate that N. g

BACKGROUND: Few earlier studies have analysed smoking as a risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke in type 2 diabetic patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: A longitudinal study involved 13 087 female and male patients with type 2 diabetes from the Swedish National Diabetes Register with no previous MI or stroke at baseline, aged 30-74 years, and with data available for all analysed variables,

BACKGROUND: Stroke is common in cancer patients, but risk estimates for different cancer sites/types have not been determined. The aim of this nationwide study was to examine whether there is an association between cancer and first hospitalisation for haemorrhagic or ischaemic stroke. METHODS: All 820,491 individuals in Sweden with a diagnosis of cancer between 1st January 1987 and 31st December 2

No randomised study in the rituximab era has been performed specifically to evaluate addition of etoposide to treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The aim of this study was to compare the outcome with three chemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP-21, R-CHOP-14 and R-CHOEP-14) in a population-based cohort in terms of overall survival, adjusted for clinical prognostic factors. Through the Swedi

POU5F1 has two alternatively spliced transcripts: a long (variant 1, NM_002701) and a short (variant 2, NM_203289) transcript. Only variant 1 is a key regulator of pluripotency. Hence, it is important to be able to distinguish this transcript from variant 2 and from the many pseudogenes present in the genome. Previous studies on the expression of POU5F1 were, however, usually carried out without c

Fifteen primary liver carcinomas (PLCs), including 12 hepatocellular carcinomas and three cholangiocellular carcinomas, were investigated cytogenetically after short-term culture. Ten tumors displayed clonal chromosomal abnormalities, whereas only normal karyotypes were detected in four cases, and one sample failed to grow in vitro. Structural rearrangements most often involved chromosomes 1, 7, a

Purpose: To investigate initial learning curves on a virtual reality (VR) eye surgery simulator and whether achieved skills are transferable between tasks. Methods: Thirty-five medical students were randomized to complete ten iterations on either the VR Caspulorhexis module (group A) or the Cataract navigation training module (group B) and then two iterations on the other module. Learning curves w

OBJECTIVE: To examine the number of trials needed to achieve performance stability of the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test using a standardized walking aid in patients with hip fracture who are allowed full weight bearing (FWB). DESIGN: Prospective methodologic study. SETTING: An acute 14-bed orthopedic hip fracture unit. PARTICIPANTS: Patients (N=122; 89 women, 33 men) with hip fracture wit

PURPOSE: To evaluate the repeatability of the dGEMRIC (delayed gadolinium enhanced MRI of cartilage) method in osteoarthritis-prone knee joints for three different T1 quantification techniques: two-dimensional inversion recovery (2D-IR), three-dimensional Look-Locker (3D-LL), and three-dimensional variable flip angle (3D-VFA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine subjects were examined twice, with a 2-week

BACKGROUND: The amount of myocardium at risk (MaR) during acute coronary occlusion and the duration of occlusion are important determinants of final infarct size. The main goal of early reperfusion therapy is to salvage ischemic myocardium, thereby preserving left ventricular function. The aims of the present study were to test the feasibility of developing polar plot representations of MaR, for p

Cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing basket cells encompass a subclass of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons that regulate memory-forming oscillatory network activity of the hippocampal formation in accordance to the emotional and motivational state of the animal, conveyed onto these cells by respective extrahippocampal afferents. Various excitatory and inhibitory afferent and efferent synapses of the