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Wild dabbling ducks (genus Anas) are the main reservoir for influenza A virus (IAV) in the Northern Hemisphere. Current understanding of disease dynamics and epidemiology in this virus-host system has primarily been based on population-level surveillance studies and infection experiments conducted in laboratory settings. Using a combined experimental-natural approach with wild-strain captive malla

Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a risk factor for fractures and much of the fracture preventive effort today is devoted to preventing low BMD. Physical activity (PA) has been described as one of the best strategies to optimize skeletal development in the growing child. However, most exercise intervention studies in children have involved the use of volunteers and specifically designed high impac

Kidney disease is a growing problem in the whole world. It is important to find these patients in an early state of the disease because then they can be treated and dialysis treatment can be avoided. To measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) an invasive technigue is used. In this thesis an equation to estimate GFR (eGFR) by drawing a blood sample and measure the concentration of cystatin C i

Experimental data obtained in this study (Part II) complement the speciation data presented in Part I, but also offer a basis for extensive facility cross-comparisons for both experimental ignition delay time (IDT) and laminar flame speed (LFS) observables. To improve our understanding of the ignition characteristics of propene, a series of IDT experiments were performed in six different shock tub

N. antarctica occurs in the widest range of habitat types among all South American Nothofagus. The aim of this Study is to investigate adaptive responses by variation in morphological (tree form and leaf characters), and environmental traits (soils) of the polymorphic N. antarctica. Also we analyze the effect of genetic drift and limited gene flow in such predominantly apomict by means of neutral

Assessment of the potential impact of climate change on water systems has been an essential part of hydrological research over the last couple of decades. However, the notion that such assessments should also include technological, demographic and land use changes is relatively recent. In this study, the potential impacts of climate change and continued urbanisation on waste and stormwater flows i

We aimed to explore the cerebellar cortical inputs from two spinocerebellar pathways, the spinal border cell-component of the ventral spinocerebellar tract (SBC-VSCT) and the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT), respectively, in the sublobule C1 of the cerebellar posterior lobe. The two pathways were activated by electrical stimulation of the contralateral lateral funiculus (coLF) and the ipsilate

Popular Abstract in Swedish Många av de äldre patienterna som är inlagda på sjukhus eller som bor i särskilda boenden inom äldreomsorgen är idag undernärda. En sammanställning av Socialstyrelsen över svenska studier under de senaste 20 åren visade på en genomsnittlig frekvens av undernäring på 28%. Ett otillräckligt kostintag leder till undernäring. Kroniska sjukdomar är ofta en bakomliggande orsThe aim of this thesis was to develop and test the feasibility of a dietary record routine, where nursing staff assess the patient’s food and fluid intake based on standardised portion sizes and household measurements. The energy intake (EI) was studied with a dietary record in 61 geriatric patients. During the 6-month follow-up 11 patients died and an EI below median (1378 kcal) was associated w

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hur man studerar kommunikation hos tallsteklar Totalt finns det cirka 125 beskrivna tallstekelarter i världen. De tillhör gruppen växtsteklar, och deras larver lever vanligen av tallbarr. Larvernas härjningar kan medföra att träden växer sämre eller rent av dör. Den färdiga stekeln äter inget, utan är helt inriktad på att para sig under sitt 10 –15 dagar korta liv i skPine sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) are severe pine defoliators. This thesis investigated sawfly behaviour related to the use of pheromones in integrated pest management, including monitoring with pheromone traps and mating disruption. Neodiprion sertiferr females were placed on pine twigs in the field and 11–30 % of the females that remained on their twig after the first mating re-mated. Onl

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hemicellulosa är en fantastisk källa av förnyelsebar råvara, vars användning har potental att bli kraftigt utökad i framtiden. Hemicellulosor är tillsammans, med lignin och cellulosa bland de mest förekommande klasserna av ämnen i växtcellernas väggar. Dessa tre beståndsdelar är tätt sammanlänkade, vilket gör det svårt att separera dem från varandra. Hemicellulosor är kHemicelluloses are tremendous sources of renewable raw materials, which utilisation have the potential to be highly increased in the future. Hemicelluloses are among the major groups of compounds in plant cell walls, together with cellulose and lignin. These three components are closely associated, making them difficult to separate from each other. Hemicelluloses are complex polysaccharides and tw

Wastewater treatment is a worldwide necessity that is even more crucial to countries deprived from abundant fresh water sources or unable to afford advanced and costly processes. With this perspective, this thesis was conducted within an Egyptian-Swedish research collaboration that aimed to develop solar-based (as free renewable energy source available locally) process for hazardous wastewater tre

Due to the positive effects demonstrated in randomized clinical trials on cardiovascular surrogate markers and bone metabolism, a positive effect of growth hormone (GH) treatment on clinically relevant end-points seems feasible. In this review, we discuss the long-term efficacy and safety of GH treatment in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) with emphasis on morbidity: fatal and n

Purpose: This study, based on data from an empirical investigation, combines quantitative and qualitative approaches in a mixed-method design to explore dependency in elderly people newly diagnosed with cancer. Methods and sample: 101 elderly people newly diagnosed with cancer were included in the quantitative part, with 16 in the qualitative part. A questionnaire concerning quality of life and de

Purpose. When performing perimetry, refracting subjects with central visual field loss, and in emmetropization studies, it is important to accurately measure peripheral refractive errors. Traditional methods for foveal refraction often give uncertain results in eccentric angles as a result of the large aberrations and the reduced retinal function. The aim of this study is therefore to compare and

With the exception of the GS-1/Younger Dryas cold period marine reservoir ages for the Last Deglaciation in the North Atlantic-Norwegian Sea are generally assumed to have been around 400-500 radiocarbon years in magnitude (Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 126 (1994) 275; Radiocarbon 37 (1995) 53; Quat. Res. 52 (1999) 104; Nature 412 (2001) 724). By comparing the climate records obtained from the GRIP ice-

β-Mannanases are involved in the conversion and modification of mannan-based saccharides. Using a retaining mechanism, they can, in addition to hydrolysis, also potentially perform transglycosylation reactions, synthesizing new glyco-conjugates. Transglycosylation has been reported for β-mannanases in GH5 and GH113. However, although they share the same fold and catalytic mechanism, there may be d

P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a major ABC transporter responsible for multidrug-resistance (MDR) in cancer chemotherapy. Pre-clinical MDR modulation studies identified promising chemosensitizers, but none are in the clinic yet. Two novel progesterone-derived carbamates (11-carbamic acid N,N-dibenzyl progesterone ester and 11-carbamic acid N,N-dibutyl progesterone ester) were examined as potential chemos

Currently, Cu-containing chalcopyrite-based solar cells provide the highest conversion efficiencies among all thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technologies. They have reached efficiency values above 20%, the same performance level as multi-crystalline silicon-wafer technology that dominates the commercial PV market. Chalcopyrite thin-film heterostructures consist of a layer stack with a variety of inte

Bevacizumab and chemotherapy is a common choice for first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). So far, no predictive markers have been identified. The aim was to investigate the possible predictive value of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system in this setting. Pre-treatment blood samples and response evaluations were avail